Genetic and morphological characterization of the barley uniculm2 (cul2) mutant

S, Babb; Gj, Muehlbauer

doi:10.1007/s00122-002-1104-0

Cited by 67 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…This is similar to the genetic interaction between ba1 and tb1, except that no tillers form in ba1;tb1 double mutants (Ritter et al, 2002). Mutants that cause a reduction in tiller number, as well as branch and spikelet number, have been identified in rice and other cereals (Babb and Muehlbauer, 2003;Komatsu et al, 2003a;Li et al, 2003). This contrasts with Arabidopsis, in which defects in the production of vegetative branches in pid or pin mutants have not been reported.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

barren inflorescence2Encodes a Co-Ortholog of thePINOIDSerine/Threonine Kinase and Is Required for Organogenesis during Inflorescence and Vegetative Development in Maize

McSteen

Malcomber²,

Skirpan³

et al. 2007

Plant Physiology

165

164

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Missouri 63121 (S.M., E.K.)Organogenesis in plants is controlled by meristems. Axillary meristems, which give rise to branches and flowers, play a critical role in plant architecture and reproduction. Maize (Zea mays) and rice (Oryza sativa) have additional types of axillary meristems in the inflorescence compared to Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and thus provide an excellent model system to study axillary meristem initiation. Previously, we characterized the barren inflorescence2 (bif2) mutant in maize and showed that bif2 plays a key role in axillary meristem and lateral primordia initiation in the inflorescence. In this article, we cloned bif2 by transposon tagging. Isolation of bif2-like genes from seven other grasses, along with phylogenetic analysis, showed that bif2 is a co-ortholog of PINOID (PID), which regulates auxin transport in Arabidopsis. Expression analysis showed that bif2 is expressed in all axillary meristems and lateral primordia during inflorescence and vegetative development in maize and rice. Further phenotypic analysis of bif2 mutants in maize illustrates additional roles of bif2 during vegetative development. We propose that bif2/PID sequence and expression are conserved between grasses and Arabidopsis, attesting to the important role they play in development. We provide further support that bif2, and by analogy PID, is required for initiation of both axillary meristems and lateral primordia.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

barren inflorescence2Encodes a Co-Ortholog of thePINOIDSerine/Threonine Kinase and Is Required for Organogenesis during Inflorescence and Vegetative Development in Maize

McSteen

Malcomber²,

Skirpan³

et al. 2007

Plant Physiology

165

164

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“…Recessive mutations in the barley Uniculme4 (Cul4) gene result in reduced tillering (Babb and Muehlbauer, 2003). In this study, we show that cul4 mutations affect multiple aspects of branch development and also cause specific defects in leaf patterning.…”

mentioning

confidence: 70%

“…A number of barley (Hordeum vulgare) tillering mutants have been identified, and their characterization has provided insight into the genetic mechanisms of vegetative axillary development and tillering in this important crop plant (Babb and Muehlbauer, 2003;Dabbert et al, 2009Dabbert et al, , 2010. Despite some recent progress (Dabbert et al, 2010;Mascher et al, 2014), most genes underlying tillering in the Triticeae await identification.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Barley Uniculme4 Gene Encodes a BLADE-ON-PETIOLE-Like Protein That Controls Tillering and Leaf Patterning

et al. 2015

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Tillers are vegetative branches that develop from axillary buds located in the leaf axils at the base of many grasses. Genetic manipulation of tillering is a major objective in breeding for improved cereal yields and competition with weeds. Despite this, very little is known about the molecular genetic bases of tiller development in important Triticeae crops such as barley (Hordeum vulgare) and wheat (Triticum aestivum). Recessive mutations at the barley Uniculme4 (Cul4) locus cause reduced tillering, deregulation of the number of axillary buds in an axil, and alterations in leaf proximal-distal patterning. We isolated the Cul4 gene by positional cloning and showed that it encodes a BROAD-COMPLEX, TRAMTRACK, BRIC-À-BRAC-ankyrin protein closely related to Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) BLADE-ON-PETIOLE1 (BOP1) and BOP2. Morphological, histological, and in situ RNA expression analyses indicate that Cul4 acts at axil and leaf boundary regions to control axillary bud differentiation as well as the development of the ligule, which separates the distal blade and proximal sheath of the leaf. As, to our knowledge, the first functionally characterized BOP gene in monocots, Cul4 suggests the partial conservation of BOP gene function between dicots and monocots, while phylogenetic analyses highlight distinct evolutionary patterns in the two lineages.

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“…The inflorescence of all three species is a spike. The barley spike is characterized by an indeterminate inflorescence and determinate spikelets (Bonnett, 1935;Kirby and Appleyard, 1981;Babb and Muehlbauer, 2003). Axillary meristems along the main axis of the inflorescence give rise to three spikelets, and each of these spikelets produces a single floret.…”

Section: Comparison Of Inflorescence Development In Brachypodium Withmentioning

confidence: 99%

MORE SPIKELETS1Is Required for Spikelet Fate in the Inflorescence of Brachypodium

Derbyshire

Byrne

2013

Plant Physiology

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Grasses produce florets on a structure called a spikelet, and variation in the number and arrangement of both branches and spikelets contributes to the great diversity of grass inflorescence architecture. In Brachypodium (Brachypodium distachyon), the inflorescence is an unbranched spike with a terminal spikelet and a limited number of lateral spikelets. Spikelets are indeterminate and give rise to a variable number of florets. Here, we provide a detailed description of the stages of inflorescence development in Brachypodium. To gain insight into the genetic regulation of Brachypodium inflorescence development, we generated fast neutron mutant populations and screened for phenotypic mutants. Among the mutants identified, the more spikelets1 (mos1) mutant had an increased number of axillary meristems produced from inflorescence meristem compared with the wild type. These axillary meristems developed as branches with production of higher order spikelets. Using a candidate gene approach, mos1 was found to have a genomic rearrangement disrupting the expression of an ethylene response factor class of APETALA2 transcription factor related to the spikelet meristem identity genes branched silkless1 (bd1) in maize (Zea mays) and FRIZZY PANICLE (FZP) in rice (Oryza sativa). We propose MOS1 likely corresponds to the Brachypodium bd1 and FZP ortholog and that the function of this gene in determining spikelet meristem fate is conserved with distantly related grass species. However, MOS1 also appears to be involved in the timing of initiation of the terminal spikelet. As such, MOS1 may regulate the transition to terminal spikelet development in other closely related and agriculturally important species, particularly wheat (Triticum aestivum).Plant shoots develop from the shoot apical meristem, which comprises a central region of pluripotent cells and a peripheral region where cells are recruited to form lateral organs. The shoot apical meristem is established early in embryogenesis and gives rise to all aerial portions of the plant. Following a reproductive transition, the shoot apical meristem converts to an inflorescence meristem, which may produce axillary meristems that form branches and flowers. The production, arrangement, and fate of meristems determine inflorescence architecture.Plant inflorescence architecture is vastly diverse, and one of the most dramatic reflections of this diversity is in the major cereal crop species. In maize (Zea mays), the tassel and ear inflorescence is indeterminate. Axillary meristems produced by the inflorescence in the tassel are initially indeterminate branches. Both the tassel and ear inflorescence, as well as branches of the tassel, produce spikelet pair meristems that then form determinate spikelet meristems, which terminate with production of two flowers or florets (Bortiri and Hake, 2007;Kellogg, 2007). In the rice (Oryza sativa) inflorescence or panicle, branch meristems initially produce secondary branch meristems. Both primary and secondary branches produce lateral spikelet meri...

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Genetic and morphological characterization of the barley uniculm2 (cul2) mutant

Cited by 67 publications

References 23 publications

barren inflorescence2Encodes a Co-Ortholog of thePINOIDSerine/Threonine Kinase and Is Required for Organogenesis during Inflorescence and Vegetative Development in Maize

barren inflorescence2Encodes a Co-Ortholog of thePINOIDSerine/Threonine Kinase and Is Required for Organogenesis during Inflorescence and Vegetative Development in Maize

The Barley Uniculme4 Gene Encodes a BLADE-ON-PETIOLE-Like Protein That Controls Tillering and Leaf Patterning

MORE SPIKELETS1Is Required for Spikelet Fate in the Inflorescence of Brachypodium

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