Genetic and Pathobiologic Characterization of Pandemic H1N1 2009 Influenza Viruses from a Naturally Infected Swine Herd

Weingartl, Hana M.; Berhane, Yohannes; Hisanaga, Tamiko; Neufeld, James; Kehler, Helen; Emburry-Hyatt, Carissa; Hooper-McGreevy, Kathleen; Kasloff, Samantha; Dalman, Brett; Bystrom, J.M.; Alexandersen, Søren; Li, Yan; Pasick, John

doi:10.1128/jvi.02118-09

Cited by 130 publications

(121 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Since then, several countries have identified this novel influenza virus in pigs (Howden et al 2009, Hofshagen et al 2009, Weingartl et al 2010, Pasma & Joseph 2010, Pereda et al 2010. Similar to what have been previously described, clinical signs in infected pigs were typical of an acute respiratory SIV disease, with pyrexia, cough, dyspnea and anorexia (Howden et al 2009, Pasma & Joseph 2010, Pereda et al 2010.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

“…Phylogenetic analyses of the 8 gene segments of the 2009 pH1N1 have shown that neither the 2009 pH1N1 nor closely related progenitor viral genes were present in U.S swine influenza viruses prior to 2009 ). In the outbreak described here, similar to what occurred in other countries (Howden et al 2009, Weingartl et al 2010, the detection of the pH1N1 in pigs occurred after the onset of pandemic influenza in humans. Moreover, the farm at Embrapa Swine and Poultry Research Center attends the biosecurity rules in relation to visits, shower and quarantine.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

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Isolamento e caracterização do vírus da influenza pandêmico H1N1 em suínos no Brasil

et al. 2011

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761Pesq. Vet. Bras. 31(9):761-767, setembro 2011 RESUMO.-[Isolamento e caracterização do vírus da influenza pandêmico H1N1 em suínos no Brasil.] A infecção causada pelo vírus Influenza A (IAV) é endêmica em suí-nos no mundo inteiro. O surgimento da pandemia de influenza humana pelo vírus A/H1N1 (pH1N1) em 2009 levantou dúvi-das sobre a ocorrência deste vírus em suínos no Brasil. Durante o desenvolvimento de um projeto de pesquisa do vírus de influenza suína em 2009-2010, na Embrapa Suínos e Aves (CNPSA), foi detectado em um rebanho de suínos em Santa Catarina, Brasil, um surto de influenza altamente transmissí-vel causado pelo subtipo viral H1N1. Este vírus causou uma doença leve em suínos em crescimento e em fêmeas adultas, sem mortalidade. Tres leitões clinicamente afetados foram eutanasiados. As lesões macroscópicas incluiam consolidação leve a moderada das áreas cranioventrais do pulmão. Microscopicamente, as lesões foram caracterizadas por bronquiolite necrosante obliterativa e pneumonia broncointersticial. A imunohistoquímica, utilizando um anticorpo monoclonal contra a nucleoproteína do vírus influenza A, revelou marcação positiva no núcleo das células epiteliais bronquiolares. O tecido pulmonar de três leitões e os suabes nasais de cinco fêmeas e quatro leitões foram positivos para influenza A pela RT-PCR. O vírus influenza foi isolado de um pulmão, mais tarde sendo confirmado pelo teste de hemaglutinação (título HA 1:128) e por RT-PCR. A análise das seqüências de nucleotídeos dos genes da hemaglutinina (HA) e proteína da matriz (M) revelou que o vírus isolado foi consistente com o vírus pandêmico A/H1N1/ 2009 que circulou em humanos no mesmo período. Este é o primeiro relato de um surto de influenza causado pelo vírus pandêmico A/H1N1 em suínos no Brasil.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Isolamento e caracterização do vírus da influenza pandêmico H1N1 em suínos no Brasil

et al. 2011

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“…Weingartl et al (36) compared the properties of pdm H1N1 2009 strain from human with swine pdmlike H1N1 2009 Canadian isolate by experimental infection of pigs. They observed differences in virus recovery from the lower respiratory tract.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergence of the pandemic H1N1 2009 influenza A virus in swine herds in Poland

Markowska-Daniel

Urbaniak

Porowski³

et al. 2013

Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Pulawy

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The outbreaks of pandemic H1N1 influenza A virus (pdm-like H1N1 2009), detected for the first time in farrow-to-finish farms in Poland, were described. The nasal swabs and lung tissue collected from diseased/dead animals were tested using molecular techniques (RRT-PCR, MRT-PCR, RT-PCR, SSG-PCR, sequencing) and virus isolation. The amplification of the genetic material extracted from the tested samples confirmed the presence of the M1 gene sequence of type A influenza virus. Using MRT-PCRs no products characteristic for HA and NA of any swine influenza virus subtypes were obtained. Using SSG-PCR, products specific for pandemic HA and NA gene fragments were detected. Six new pdm-like H1N1 2009 strains were isolated and characterised. Phylogenetic analysis of the HA and NA genes revealed that they belong to one lineage with the pandemic strain A/California/04/2009 and other human strains, including human strains isolated in Poland in 2011.

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“…Recently, it has been announced by the World Health Organization (WHO) that the pandemic H1N1 influenza virus is now in the postpandemic period but is expected to become a recurrent seasonal influenza virus and circulate for some years (WHO; http://www.who.int/csr/disease/swineflu/en/). Additionally, pandemic H1N1/2009 influenza viruses were also frequently isolated from pigs (17)(18)(19) that were proposed to be "mixing vessels" for the reassortment of influenza viruses.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

High genetic compatibility and increased pathogenicity of reassortants derived from avian H9N2 and pandemic H1N1/2009 influenza viruses

Sun

Qin

Wang

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

165

161

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H9N2 influenza viruses have been circulating worldwide in multiple avian species and repeatedly infecting mammals, including pigs and humans, posing a significant threat to public health. The coexistence of H9N2 and pandemic influenza H1N1/2009 viruses in pigs and humans provides an opportunity for these viruses to reassort. To evaluate the potential public risk of the reassortant viruses derived from these viruses, we used reverse genetics to generate 127 H9 reassortants derived from an avian H9N2 and a pandemic H1N1 virus, and evaluated their compatibility, replication ability, and virulence in mice. These hybrid viruses showed high genetic compatibility and more than half replicated to a high titer in vitro. In vivo studies of 73 of 127 reassortants revealed that all viruses were able to infect mice without prior adaptation and 8 reassortants exhibited higher pathogenicity than both parental viruses. All reassortants with higher virulence than parental viruses contained the PA gene from the 2009 pandemic virus, revealing the important role of the PA gene from the H1N1/2009 virus in generating a reassortant virus with high public health risk. Analyses of the polymerase activity of the 16 ribonucleoprotein combinations in vitro suggested that the PA of H1N1/2009 origin also enhanced polymerase activity. Our results indicate that some avian H9-pandemic reassortants could emerge with a potentially higher threat for humans and also highlight the importance of monitoring the H9-pandemic reassortant viruses that may arise, especially those that possess the PA gene of H1N1/2009 origin.

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Genetic and Pathobiologic Characterization of Pandemic H1N1 2009 Influenza Viruses from a Naturally Infected Swine Herd

Abstract: Since its initial identification in

Cited by 130 publications

References 30 publications

Isolamento e caracterização do vírus da influenza pandêmico H1N1 em suínos no Brasil

Isolamento e caracterização do vírus da influenza pandêmico H1N1 em suínos no Brasil

Emergence of the pandemic H1N1 2009 influenza A virus in swine herds in Poland

High genetic compatibility and increased pathogenicity of reassortants derived from avian H9N2 and pandemic H1N1/2009 influenza viruses

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