Genetic and phenotypic characterization of <i>Botrytis calthae</i>

Plesken, Cecilia; Westrich, Lisa Désirée; Hahn, Matthias

doi:10.1111/ppa.12240

Cited by 17 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Similarly, on rotting stem bases of peony, the host-specific B. paeoniae was found together with B. pseudocinerea and B. cinerea. These observations are in line with a recent report that stem and leaf infections on C. palustris are caused not only by the host-specific B. calthae but also by the generalists B. cinerea and B. pseudocinerea (19). A similar cooccurrence of different Botrytis spp.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…S1A in the supplemental material). For identification of B. paeoniae isolates, DNA was amplified with primers HSP60_fw/HSP60_rev, followed by digestion with either BglII (restriction site present only in B. paeoniae and all of 19 other Botrytis clade 2 species tested) or AccI (restriction site present in all Botrytis clade 1 species including B. cinerea and B. pseudocinerea) (see Fig. S1B).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Iprodione was last registered in fruit production in 2007 but continues to be used in vegetable production, and carbendazim or other ␤-tubulin inhibitors have not been used in German horticulture since about 1975 (strawberries) or 2007 (pome fruits). Fungicide resistance tests were performed on agar plates containing discriminatory fungicide concentrations (liter Ϫ1 ) of 10 mg of fenhexamid, 0.2 mg of fludioxonil, 16 mg of cyprodinil, 5 mg of carbendazim, 25 mg of iprodione, 3 mg of boscalid, or 25 of mg azoxystrobin (19). For testing the HydR1 phenotype of B. pseudocinerea, 5-mm discs were cut from agar plates containing Gamborg B5 (GB5; Sigma-Aldrich) medium and inoculated with 10 l of a suspension of 10 5 conidia liter Ϫ1 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A few B. cinerea strains yielded fragments with the same size as those of B. pseudocinerea strains; these were found to be genetically distinct from B. cinerea N and B. cinerea S and are provisionally referred to as B. cinerea X, based on sequencing data (C. Plesken, S. Rupp, and M. Hahn, unpublished data). A method previously described for the identification of B. pseudocinerea by PCR-RFLP of a sequence in B. cinerea hch (for het-c homolog) (11) was unable to differentiate B. pseudocinerea from B. calthae (19). For unambiguous and facilitated differentiation, a PCR was developed that detected a B. pseudocinerea-specific 24-bp deletion in the homologue of the B. cinerea gene BC1G_07159, discovered by genome sequencing (Plesken et al, unpublished data) ( Table 1).…”

Section: Differentiation Of B Pseudocinerea and Two B Cinerea Genotmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was more frequently isolated from flowers in spring and early summer and only rarely from ripe berries (13,17). B. pseudocinerea has also been observed on several other plant species, indicating that it has a rather wide host range (12,18,19). The goal of this study was to compare the frequencies of occurrence of B. pseudocinerea and B. cinerea in order to estimate their contributions to gray mold disease on several cultivated plants.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Botrytis pseudocinerea Is a Significant Pathogen of Several Crop Plants but Susceptible to Displacement by Fungicide-Resistant B. cinerea Strains

Plesken

Weber

Rupp

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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cBotrytis cinerea is one of the most important pathogens worldwide, causing gray mold on a large variety of crops. Botrytis pseudocinerea has been found previously to occur together with B. cinerea in low abundance in vineyards and strawberry fields. Here, we report B. pseudocinerea to be common and sometimes dominant over B. cinerea on several fruit and vegetable crops in Germany. On apples with calyx end rot and on oilseed rape, it was the major gray mold species. Abundance of B. pseudocinerea was often negatively correlated with fungicide treatments. On cultivated strawberries, it was frequently found in spring but was largely displaced by B. cinerea following fungicide applications. Whereas B. cinerea strains with multiple-fungicide resistance were common in these fields, B. pseudocinerea almost never developed resistance to any fungicide even though resistance mutations occurred at similar frequencies in both species under laboratory conditions. The absence of resistance to quinone outside inhibitors in B. pseudocinerea was correlated with an intron in cytB preventing the major G143A resistance mutation. Our work indicates that B. pseudocinerea has a wide host range similar to that of B. cinerea and that it can become an important gray mold pathogen on cultivated plants. Botrytis cinerea Pers.:Fr. is one of the most important plant pathogens worldwide, causing gray mold rot on far more than 200 plant species, including cultivated fruits, vegetables, and ornamental flowers. In addition to its wide host range, typical features of B. cinerea are a necrotrophic, macerating mode of infection, abundant production of asexual macroconidia on the surface of colonized host tissue, and formation of melanized sclerotia for long-term survival and sexual reproduction. Control of gray mold often relies on the use of fungicides although the efficacy of such treatments is threatened worldwide by the abundance of fungicide-resistant B. cinerea field strains (1). Based on gene sequence comparisons, the genus Botrytis has been divided into two phylogenetically separate clades (2). Clade 1 includes B. cinerea and B. pseudocinerea as well as the host-specific species B. fabae, B. calthae, and B. sinoviticola; all of these infect only dicot plants. Clade 2 is phylogenetically more diverse and currently comprises 23 host-specific Botrytis species that infect predominantly monocots (2-4).B. cinerea shows considerable variability in mycelial growth phenotype, conidiation, and sclerotium formation. Numerous studies have also documented a high degree of genetic variability within the species. Based on the analysis of PCR-restricted fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) patterns, fungicide resistance, and the detection of transposable elements, Giraud et al. provided evidence of the existence of genetically distinct groups within B. cinerea (5, 6). In particular, the presence or absence of the long terminal repeat retrotransposon Boty (7) and of the DNA transposon Flipper (8) was used to divide isolates into different transposon types, e...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Differentiation Of B Pseudocinerea and Two B Cinerea Genotmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Botrytis pseudocinerea Is a Significant Pathogen of Several Crop Plants but Susceptible to Displacement by Fungicide-Resistant B. cinerea Strains

Plesken

Weber

Rupp

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Diversity Within and Between Species of Botrytis

Walker¹

2015

Botrytis – The Fungus, the Pathogen and Its Management in Agricultural Systems

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One stop shop: backbones trees for important phytopathogenic genera: I (2014)

et al. 2014

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Many fungi are pathogenic on plants and cause significant damage in agriculture and forestry. They are also part of the natural ecosystem and may play a role in regulating plant numbers/density. Morphological identification and analysis of plant pathogenic fungi, while important, is often hampered by the scarcity of discriminatory taxonomic characters and the endophytic or inconspicuous nature of these fungi. Molecular (DNA sequence) data for plant pathogenic fungi have emerged as key information for diagnostic and classification studies, although hampered in part by non-standard laboratory practices and analytical methods. To facilitate current and future research, this study provides phylogenetic synopses for 25 groups of plant pathogenic fungi in the Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Mucormycotina (Fungi), and Oomycota, using recent molecular data, up-to-date names, and the latest taxonomic insights. Lineagespecific laboratory protocols together with advice on their application, as well as general observations, are also provided. We hope to maintain updated backbone trees of these fungal lineages over time and to publish them jointly as new data emerge. Researchers of plant pathogenic fungi not covered by the present study are invited to join this future effort. Bipolaris, Botryosphaeriaceae,

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Genetic and phenotypic characterization of Botrytis calthae

Cited by 17 publications

References 32 publications

Botrytis pseudocinerea Is a Significant Pathogen of Several Crop Plants but Susceptible to Displacement by Fungicide-Resistant B. cinerea Strains

Botrytis pseudocinerea Is a Significant Pathogen of Several Crop Plants but Susceptible to Displacement by Fungicide-Resistant B. cinerea Strains

Diversity Within and Between Species of Botrytis

One stop shop: backbones trees for important phytopathogenic genera: I (2014)

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