Genetic and phenotypic variation in weight of brain and spinal cord between inbred strains of mice

Roderick, Thomas H.; Wimer, Richard E.; Wimer, Cynthia C.; Schwartzkroin, Philip A.

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(73)90188-1

Cited by 73 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Strain differences in brain sizes reported in this study are notably similar to those reported previously by Roderick and colleagues [13] and Williams [26], although some striking differences are apparent. For example, strain PL/J had an average brain weight of 0.506 g in the present study and 0.516 g in the Roderick study but 0.433 g in the Williams data (www.mbl.org), whereas the three studies found similar brain weights for C57BL/6J (0.495 g here, 0.489 for Roderick, and 0.482 for Williams).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Survey of 21 inbred mouse strains in two laboratories reveals that BTBR T/+ tf/tf has severely reduced hippocampal commissure and absent corpus callosum

2003

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A morphometric survey of brain size and forebrain commissures of 21 inbred mouse strains from the Jackson Laboratory was done with animals tested in two laboratories as part of the Mouse Phenome Project. Strain BTBR T / + tf/tf was found to have 100% total absence of the corpus callosum as well as severe reduction of the hippocampal commissure in almost every animal, the most severe commissure defect observed to date in any commercially available mouse strain. The strain 129S1/SvImJ had a milder defect with incomplete penetrance.Crosses of BTBR mice with inbred strains BALB/cWah1, 129P1/ReJ, and the recombinant strain 9XCA/Wah having a severe commissure defect supported a two-locus model of the genetic defect in these strains. Brain size varied greatly among strains but for any one strain was almost identical in mice housed for 5 weeks in the two laboratories. Sex differences in brain weight and forebrain commissure sizes were not statistically significant. Theme: Disorders of the nervous system Topic: Genetic models

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Survey of 21 inbred mouse strains in two laboratories reveals that BTBR T/+ tf/tf has severely reduced hippocampal commissure and absent corpus callosum

2003

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“…In a mouse with a mild reduction in size of the whole animal, it is not normal to see reduction in brain size [32,36]. In fact, whereas the cerebellar regions in frc mice were not different from controls, the cerebrum and olfactory regions of the fierce brain were disproportionately reduced (Fig.…”

Section: Fierce Mice Have Abnormal Brain Developmentmentioning

confidence: 96%

Fierce: a new mouse deletion of Nr2e1; violent behaviour and ocular abnormalities are background-dependent

Young

Berry

Mahaffey

et al. 2002

Behavioural Brain Research

119

139

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A new spontaneous mouse mutation named fierce (frc) is deleted for the nuclear receptor Nr2e1 gene (also known as Tlx, mouse homolog of Drosophila tailless). The fierce mutation is genetically and phenotypically similar to Nr2e1 targeted mutations previously studied on segregating genetic backgrounds. However, we have characterized the fierce brain, eye, and behavioural phenotypes on three defined genetic backgrounds (C57BL/6J, 129P3/JEms, and B6129F1). The data revealed many novel and background-dependent phenotypic characteristics. Whereas abnormalities in brain development, hypoplasia of cerebrum and olfactory lobes, were consistent on all three backgrounds, our novel finding of enlarged ventricles in 100% and overt hydrocephalus in up to 30% of fierce mice were unique to the C57BL/6J background. Developmental eye abnormalities were also background-dependent with B6129F1-frc mice having less severe thinning of optic layers and less affected electroretinogram responses. Impaired regression of hyaloid vessels was observed in all backgrounds. Furthermore, retinal vessels were deficient in size and number in 129P3/JEms-frc and B6129F1-frc mice but almost entirely absent in C57BL/6J-frc mice. We present the first standardized behavioural tests conducted on Nr2e1 mutant mice and show that C57BL/6J-frc and B6129F1-frc mice have deficits in sensorimotor assays and are hyperaggressive in both sexes and backgrounds. However, C57BL/6J-frc mice were significantly more aggressive than B6129F1-frc mice. Overall, this extensive characterization of the fierce mutation is essential to its application for the study of behavioural, and brain and eye developmental disorders. In addition, the background-dependent differences revealed will enable the identification of important genetic modifiers.

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“…Methods of fixation were very similar in the Williams (16) study, and the correlation of Edmonton data with their strain means was very high (r ϭ 0.88). The two older studies (17,18) both weighed unfixed brains, and fresh brain weights are expected to be slightly larger than fixed brain weights, but there is no reason to expect major strain-dependent differences in shrinkage (19).The similarity between the Edmonton data and the Roderick et al…”

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confidence: 95%

Stability of inbred mouse strain differences in behavior and brain size between laboratories and across decades

Wahłsten

Bachmanov

Finn

et al. 2006

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

264

220

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If we conduct the same experiment in two laboratories or repeat a classical study many years later, will we obtain the same results? Recent research with mice in neural and behavioral genetics yielded different results in different laboratories for certain phenotypes, and these findings suggested to some researchers that behavior may be too unstable for fine-scale genetic analysis. Here we expand the range of data on this question to additional laboratories and phenotypes, and, for the first time in this field, we formally compare recent data with experiments conducted 30 -50 years ago. For ethanol preference and locomotor activity, strain differences have been highly stable over a period of 40 -50 years, and most strain correlations are in the range of r ‫؍‬ 0.85-0.98, as high as or higher than for brain weight. For anxiety-related behavior on the elevated plus maze, on the other hand, strain means often differ dramatically across laboratories or even when the same laboratory is moved to another site within a university. When a wide range of phenotypes is considered, no inbred strain appears to be exceptionally stable or labile across laboratories in any general sense, and there is no tendency to observe higher correlations among studies done more recently. Phenotypic drift over decades for most of the behaviors examined appears to be minimal.agonistic behavior ͉ anxiety ͉ ethanol preference ͉ gene-environment interaction ͉ locomotor activity

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Genetic and phenotypic variation in weight of brain and spinal cord between inbred strains of mice

Cited by 73 publications

References 15 publications

Survey of 21 inbred mouse strains in two laboratories reveals that BTBR T/+ tf/tf has severely reduced hippocampal commissure and absent corpus callosum

Survey of 21 inbred mouse strains in two laboratories reveals that BTBR T/+ tf/tf has severely reduced hippocampal commissure and absent corpus callosum

Fierce: a new mouse deletion of Nr2e1; violent behaviour and ocular abnormalities are background-dependent

Stability of inbred mouse strain differences in behavior and brain size between laboratories and across decades

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