Genetic and phylogenetic analysis of porcine circovirus type 2 on Jeju Island, South Korea, 2019–2020: evidence of a novel intergenotypic recombinant

Jang, Guehwan; Yoo, Hyekyung; Kim, Yeeun; Yang, Kyungsu; Lee, Changhee

doi:10.1007/s00705-020-04948-1

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The high infection rate of PCV2 in the pig population, persistent epidemics, and the mutability of the virus genome make epidemic PCV2 strains complex in pig farms. There are not only new genotypes, gene mutations, and recombinant PCV2 strains, but also the co-infection of different genotypes in the same pig population [ 8 , 11 , 34 ]. Currently, PCV2 genotypes common in China and other parts of the world mainly include PCV2a, PCV2b, PCV2d, and PCV2e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Porcine Circovirus Type 2a and Pasteurella multocida Capsular Serotype D in Growing Pigs Suffering from Respiratory Disease

et al. 2022

Veterinary Sciences

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In order to diagnose a respiratory disease in a pig farm, the lungs, spleen, and lymph nodes of three dead pigs were collected for pathogen detection by PCR and isolation on the basis of preliminary clinical diagnosis. The virus isolate was identified by gene sequence analysis and Immunoperoxidase monolayer assay (IPMA). The bacterial isolate was identified by biochemical tests, 16S rDNA sequence analysis, and species- and serotype-specific PCR, and the pathogenicity was analyzed. Porcine circovirus type 2a (PCV2a) genotype from the lungs, spleen, and lymph nodes and Pasteurella (P.) multocida capsular serotypes D from the lungs were found. The PCV2a isolates could specifically bound the anti-PCV2-Cap polyclonal antibody. The 16S rDNA sequence of P. multocida isolates had 99.9% identity with that of the strain from cattle, and the isolate was highly pathogenic to mice. The results showed that the co-infection of PCV2a and P. Multocida capsular serotypes D should be responsible for the disease. The uncommon PCV2a is still prevalent in some pig farms besides the dominant PCV2d genotype. This study could provide important etiological information for effective control and treatment of the disease in pig farms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Porcine Circovirus Type 2a and Pasteurella multocida Capsular Serotype D in Growing Pigs Suffering from Respiratory Disease

et al. 2022

Veterinary Sciences

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“…Ten 4‐week‐old crossbred pigs (Great Yorkshire × Dutch Landrace) were obtained from a commercial farrow‐to‐finish farm with good health status and no previous CSF outbreak or vaccination history in Jeju Province and were tested to confirm that they were not infected with CSFV. All animals were also determined to be negative for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) by virus‐specific RT‐PCR, as described previously (Jang et al., 2021 ; Park et al., 2020 ). Pigs were randomly assigned to three experimental groups: LOM‐derived Jeju isolate KNU‐1905‐inoculated group 1 ( n = 4), LOM vaccine‐inoculated group 2 ( n = 4), and sham‐inoculated control group 3 ( n = 2).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenicity of a novel classical swine fever LOM vaccine‐derived virus isolated on Jeju Island, South Korea

Jang

Kim²,

Park

et al. 2022

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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Background Reemergent local outbreaks of classical swine fever (CSF) occurred simultaneously in multiple pig farms on CSF‐free Jeju Island, South Korea, in 2014 because of inadvertent injection of a commercial CSF (LOM) vaccine into pregnant sows. The LOM virus has since spread across the island and has become endemic in Jeju herds, raising concern about possible reversion to the virulence of the LOM vaccine. We previously isolated LOM‐derived field CSF virus (CSFV) strains with unique insertion‐deletion (INDEL) mutations in the 3′‐untranslated region (UTR), designated LOM‐derived Jeju 3′‐UTR INDEL variants, from CSF‐recurrent swine farms on Jeju Island in 2019. Methods The present study conducted animal experiments to investigate whether a 2019 emergent LOM 3′‐UTR INDEL variant, KNU‐1905, has reverted to a pathogenic form in conventional pigs (n = 10). Results Experimental animal infection showed that pigs inoculated with the commercial LOM vaccine strain developed no adverse effects compared to the sham‐infected pigs. However, KNU‐1905 displayed pathogenic characteristics in pigs, including clinical symptoms (e.g., lethargy, conjunctivitis, nasal discharge, and diarrhoea), weight loss, and gross lesions. Moreover, viremia, virus shedding in faeces and nasal fluids, and viral loads in various tissues of all the KNU‐1905‐infected pigs were highly significant, in contrast to those of the LOM‐infected group in which CSFV RNA was detected only in the serum, nasal, and tonsil samples of one identical pig. Conclusions Overall, the LOM‐derived field isolate with molecular variations induced clinical adverse events in pigs, which commonly shed considerable amounts of CSFV. This study provides evidence that the genetic evolution of the LOM‐derived CSFV circulating on Jeju Island might have allowed the LOM vaccine to recover its primary prototype and that these variants might have induced chronic or persistent infection in pigs that can shed CSFV in field farms leading to a risk of transmission among pigs or farms in this former CSF‐free region.

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“…In one case, PCV2 in vaccinated pigs had the same non-synonymous nucleotide mutation rate as PCV2 in unvaccinated pigs [ 14 ]. The presence of PCV2 in vaccinated pigs, and possible emergence of escape variants, has spurred recent vaccine developments and enhanced genomic surveillance in several countries including China, Italy, Korea, and the US [ 13 , 15 , 16 , 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Diversity of Porcine Circovirus 2 in Wild Boar and Domestic Pigs in Ukraine

Rudova

Buttler

Kovalenko

et al. 2022

Viruses

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Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is responsible for a number of porcine circovirus-associated diseases (PCVAD) that can severely impact domestic pig herds. For a non-enveloped virus with a small genome (1.7 kb ssDNA), PCV2 is remarkably diverse, with eight genotypes (a–h). New genotypes of PCV2 can spread through the migration of wild boar, which are thought to infect domestic pigs and spread further through the domestic pig trade. Despite a large swine population, the diversity of PCV2 genotypes in Ukraine has been under-sampled, with few PCV2 genome sequences reported in the past decade. To gain a deeper understanding of PCV2 genotype diversity in Ukraine, samples of blood serum were collected from wild boars (n = 107) that were hunted in Ukraine during the November–December 2012 hunting season. We found 34/107 (31.8%) prevalence of PCV2 by diagnostic PCR. For domestic pigs, liver samples (n = 16) were collected from a commercial market near Kharkiv in 2019, of which 6 out of 16 (37%) samples were positive for PCV2. We sequenced the genotyping locus ORF2, a gene encoding the PCV2 viral capsid (Cap), for 11 wild boar and six domestic pig samples in Ukraine using an Oxford Nanopore MinION device. Of 17 samples with resolved genotypes, the PCV2 genotype b was the most common in wild boar samples (10 out of 11, 91%), while the domestic pigs were infected with genotypes b and d. We also detected genotype b/d and b/a co-infections in wild boars and domestic pigs, respectively, and for the first time in Ukraine we detected genotype f in a wild boar from Poltava. Building a maximum-likelihood phylogeny, we identified a sublineage of PCV2 genotype b infections in both wild and domestic swine, suggesting a possible epizootic cluster and an ecological interaction between wild boar and domestic pig populations in northeastern Ukraine.

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Genetic and phylogenetic analysis of porcine circovirus type 2 on Jeju Island, South Korea, 2019–2020: evidence of a novel intergenotypic recombinant

Cited by 16 publications

References 39 publications

Detection of Porcine Circovirus Type 2a and Pasteurella multocida Capsular Serotype D in Growing Pigs Suffering from Respiratory Disease

Detection of Porcine Circovirus Type 2a and Pasteurella multocida Capsular Serotype D in Growing Pigs Suffering from Respiratory Disease

Pathogenicity of a novel classical swine fever LOM vaccine‐derived virus isolated on Jeju Island, South Korea

Genetic Diversity of Porcine Circovirus 2 in Wild Boar and Domestic Pigs in Ukraine

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