Genetic and phylogenetic characterizations of a novel genotype of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N8 viruses in 2016/2017 in South Korea

Kim, Young Il; Park, Su‐Jin; Kwon, Hyeok‐il; Kim, Eunha; Si, Young‐Jae; Jeong, Ju-Hwan; Lee, Inwon; Nguyen, Hiep Dinh; Kwon, Jin-Jung; Choi, Won Suk; Song, Min‐Suk; Kim, Chul-Joong; Choi, Young‐Ki

doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2017.05.001

Cited by 26 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…In contrast to influenza A(H5N8) viruses, the clade 2.3.4.4 H5N6 virus first emerged in China in 2013 and became established in Asian countries such as Laos, Vietnam and mainland China [ 7 - 9 ] before causing large outbreaks in 2016 [ 4 , 10 ]. During the 2016/17 winter season, South Korea experienced large outbreaks of two different HPAI strains (H5N6 and H5N8) and as a result destroyed 640 million poultry (almost 30% of poultry in South Korea) [ 10 - 12 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenicity and genetic characterisation of a novel reassortant, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N6 virus isolated in Korea, 2017

Kim

Kwon

et al. 2018

Eurosurveillance

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We investigated influenza A(H5N6) viruses from migratory birds in Chungnam and Gyeonggi Provinces, South Korea following a reported die-off of poultry in nearby provinces in November 2017. Genetic analysis and virulence studies in chickens and ducks identified our isolate from December 2017 as a novel highly pathogenic avian influenza virus. It resulted from reassortment between the highly virulent H5N8 strain from Korea with the N6 gene from a low-pathogenic H3N6 virus from the Netherlands.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenicity and genetic characterisation of a novel reassortant, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N6 virus isolated in Korea, 2017

Kim

Kwon

et al. 2018

Eurosurveillance

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“…Novel reassortant Group B H5N8 viruses containing 5 Eurasian LPAI segments (PB2, PB1, PA, NP, and M) were identified from wild birds found dead in Qinghai Lake, China during May 2016 [ 30 ] and at Uvs-Nuur Lake in Siberia during June 2016 [ 24 ]. Subsequently, this novel reassortant Group B H5N8 strain has further reassorted with Eurasian LPAI viruses and disseminated from Siberia to be detected over a broad geographic region that includes Europe [ 36 ], Africa [ 39 ], the Middle East [ 9 ], and Asia [ 18 32 ]. That dissemination may be the result of the southward autumn migration of waterfowl during 2016 and was similar in the spread of H5N1 clade 2.2 in 2005–2006 [ 35 ] and H5N8 clade 2.3.4.4 Group A in 2014 [ 26 31 ] from Siberia to various countries in Eurasia.…”

Section: Spread Of H5n8 Hpai Clade 2344 Group B 2014–2017mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution, global spread, and pathogenicity of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5Nx clade 2.3.4.4

et al. 2017

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Novel subtypes of Asian-origin (Goose/Guangdong lineage) H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses belonging to clade 2.3.4, such as H5N2, H5N5, H5N6, and H5N8, have been identified in China since 2008 and have since evolved into four genetically distinct clade 2.3.4.4 groups (A–D). Since 2014, HPAI clade 2.3.4.4 viruses have spread rapidly via migratory wild aquatic birds and have evolved through reassortment with prevailing local low pathogenicity avian influenza viruses. Group A H5N8 viruses and its reassortant viruses caused outbreaks in wide geographic regions (Asia, Europe, and North America) during 2014–2015. Novel reassortant Group B H5N8 viruses caused outbreaks in Asia, Europe, and Africa during 2016–2017. Novel reassortant Group C H5N6 viruses caused outbreaks in Korea and Japan during the 2016–2017 winter season. Group D H5N6 viruses caused outbreaks in China and Vietnam. A wide range of avian species, including wild and domestic waterfowl, domestic poultry, and even zoo birds, seem to be permissive for infection by and/or transmission of clade 2.3.4.4 HPAI viruses. Further, compared to previous H5N1 HPAI viruses, these reassortant viruses show altered pathogenicity in birds. In this review, we discuss the evolution, global spread, and pathogenicity of H5 clade 2.3.4.4 HPAI viruses.

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“…Outbreaks in domestic poultry were spatially and temporarily associated with die-offs of wild birds, leading to speculation that migratory waterfowl were the source of infection 9 . During the 2016/17 outbreak, additional novel H5N8 viruses were isolated from fecal specimens of wild birds in the Gyeonggi Province of central South Korea and subsequently caused devastating outbreaks in domestic poultry 11 . Genetic characterization of EM/W541 (H5N6) and CT /W555 (H5N8) showed that both are novel viral reassortants of clade 2.3.4.4 HPAI H5Nx and co-circulating low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) viruses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Briefly, EM/W541 (H5N6) is a reassortant with PB2, HA, M and NS genes from A/Dk/Guangzhou/41227/2014 (H5N6)-like virus, NP and NA genes from A/Ck/Shenzhen/1061/2013 (H5N6)-like virus, PB1 gene from A/Dk/Guangdong/S4040/2011 (H4N2)-like virus, and PA gene from A/Dk/Mongolia/520/2015 (H1N1)-like virus 9 . Further, CT/W555/H5N8 is a reassortant with HA and NA genes from A/DK/EasternChina/S1109/2014 (H5N8)-like virus, PB2, NP, M and NS genes from A/EM/Korea/W437/2012 (H7N7)-like virus, PB1 gene from A/DK/Mongolia/709/2015 (H10N7)-like virus, and PA gene from A/RS/Mongolia/1-26/2007 (H3N8)-like virus 11 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the pathogenic potential of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N6, and H5N8 viruses isolated in South Korea during the 2016–2017 winter season

Kwon

Kim

et al. 2018

Emerging Microbes & Infections

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Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N6) and A(H5N8) virus infections resulted in the culling of more than 37 million poultry in the Republic of Korea during the 2016/17 winter season. Here we characterize two representative viruses, A/Environment/Korea/W541/2016 [Em/W541(H5N6)] and A/Common Teal/Korea/W555/2017 [CT/W555(H5N8)], and evaluate their zoonotic potential in various animal models. Both Em/W541(H5N6) and CT /W555(H5N8) are novel reassortants derived from various gene pools of wild bird viruses present in migratory waterfowl arising from eastern China. Despite strong preferential binding to avian virus–type receptors, the viruses were able to grow in human respiratory tract tissues. Em/W541(H5N6) was found to be highly pathogenic in both chickens and ducks, while CT/W555(H5N8) caused lethal infections in chickens but did not induce remarkable clinical illness in ducks. In mice, both viruses appeared to be moderately pathogenic and displayed limited tissue tropism relative to HPAI H5N1 viruses. Em/W541(H5N6) replicated to moderate levels in the upper respiratory tract of ferrets and was detected in the lungs, brain, spleen, liver, and colon. Unexpectedly, two of three ferrets in direct contact with Em/W541(H5N6)-infected animals shed virus and seroconverted at 14 dpi. CT/W555(H5N8) was less pathogenic than the H5N6 virus in ferrets and no transmission was detected. Given the co-circulation of different, phenotypically distinct, subtypes of HPAI H5Nx viruses for the first time in South Korea, detailed virologic investigations are imperative given the capacity of these viruses to evolve and cause human infections.

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Genetic and phylogenetic characterizations of a novel genotype of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N8 viruses in 2016/2017 in South Korea

Cited by 26 publications

References 16 publications

Pathogenicity and genetic characterisation of a novel reassortant, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N6 virus isolated in Korea, 2017

Pathogenicity and genetic characterisation of a novel reassortant, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N6 virus isolated in Korea, 2017

Evolution, global spread, and pathogenicity of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5Nx clade 2.3.4.4

Comparison of the pathogenic potential of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N6, and H5N8 viruses isolated in South Korea during the 2016–2017 winter season

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