Genetic basis for prediction of non-responders to dietary plant sterol intervention (GenePredict-PS): a study protocol for a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized two-period crossover study

Abstract

Background: Functional food ingredients and natural health products have been demonstrated to reduce disease risk and thereby help to lower health care costs across populations at risk for chronic or degenerative diseases. However, typically a wide range of inter-individual variability exists in response across individuals to nutritional and natural health product bioactives, such as plant sterols (PS). This study aims to determine and utilize information on associations between genosets and the degree of responsiveness to dietary PS intervention, with a long-term objective of developing genetic tests to predict response to PS. Methods: This clinical trial is designed as a double blind, placebo controlled, randomized two-period crossover study. 64 eligible participants with the specific a priori -determined single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with responsiveness to PS will consume PS or a placebo treatment for two 4-week periods. The PS treatment consists of two daily single portions of margarine, each providing1 g PS during the PS period (2.0 g/day of PS in total). The placebo will be an identical margarine containing no added PS. LDL-C responsiveness to controlled administration of PS will be investigated as the primary outcome and the associations between inter-individual genoset variabilities and response to PS consumption will be determined. Discussion: This research will provide further insight into whether the associations between previously identified SNPs and the response of LDL-C to PS consumption can be used in a predictive manner. It will also provide insight into the complexities of undertaking a nutrigenetic trial with prospective recruitment based on genotype. Trial registration: The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier: NCT02765516). Keywords: Plant sterols, Cholesterol, Genetic, SNPs, Prediction