Genetic basis of grain filling rate in wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Thell.)

Abstract

Grain filling rate in wheat (Triticum aestivum L . emend . Thell .) positively influences grain yield under a wide range of conditions . The effective utilization of this trait in breeding depends on an understanding of its genetic control . A study was, therefore, conducted to determine the genetic basis of grain filling rate in six crosses of wheat . Higher order genic interactions and/or linkage were important in the genetic regulation of grain filling rate (GFR) in the majority of crosses . Additive ([d]) and dominance ([h]) gene effects were important in the control of GFR in main ears (ME) and whole plant ears (WPE) . Additive and additive x additive epistatic effects were the most important in the genetic control of GFR in last ears (LE) . Location effects on genetic effects for GFR were significant (P < 0.05) in all ear types of some crosses except in ME. Genotype x environment interaction effects were important (P < 0 .001) in LE and WPE .It was concluded that the inheritance of GFR is complex and is dependent on ear type . Breeding procedures that facilitate the exploitation of non-additive and additive gene effects were recommended for the genetic improvement of grain filling rate of wheat .

Free‐Air CO2 Enrichment and Drought Stress Effects on Grain Filling Rate and Duration in Spring Wheat

“…Therefore, elevated CO 2 and water stress should be evaluated for their effects on grain yield which is a function of the number of grains and their grain‐filling rate and duration. Both genetic (Wiegand and Cuellar, 1981; Mashiringwani et al, 1994; Mou and Kronstad, 1994) and environmental factors (Sofield et al, 1977; Wiegand and Cuellar, 1981; Bauer et al, 1985; Wheeler et al, 1996) affect grain‐filling rate and duration. Important environmental factors include temperature, irradiance, CO 2 concentration, and soil water.…”

Variability of Grain‐Filling Traits in Early Maturing CIMMYT Tropical Maize Inbred Lines

“…Therefore, this explains the large positive correlations observed for these traits and GY, suggesting their importance in GY improvement. Previous studies also showed positive correlation of GFR and yield in maize (Wang et al, 1999) and wheat (Mashiringwani et al, 1994). Kernel weight is determined by rate (GFR) and duration (TGFD, especially the EGFD) of dry matter accumulation (Andrade et al, 2005).…”

“…Longer grain-filling durations imply more dry matter accumulation, and hence high kernel weight that translates into high yield (Gasura et al, 2013). Previous studies also showed positive correlation of GFR and yield in maize (Wang et al, 1999) and wheat (Mashiringwani et al, 1994). High GFR and longer EGFD and TGFD results in the accumulation of more photoassimilates in the grains during grain-filling (Lee and Tollenaar, 2007).…”

“…The EGFD is more important because >90% of the dry matter is accumulated during this period. The GFR is measured during the EGFD, starting about 2 wk postfertilization and is highly heritable in maize (Wang et al, 1999) and other cereals such as wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (Mashiringwani et al, 1994).…”

Impact of epistasis and QTL × environmental interaction on the oil filling rate of soybean seed at different developmental stages

“…The variation of seed filling rate accounted for more than 57% of the total variation of seed yield (Koutroubasa and Papakostab 2010). In many crops, the rates of grain filling affected by the plant genotype and environment have been investigated (Ray and Choudhuri 1981;Poneleit and Egli 1979;Mashiringwani et al 1994;Kato 1999).…”