Genetic characterisation of the recent foot-and-mouth disease virus subtype A/IRN/2005

Shirazi²,

Özyörük³

et al. 2019

Transbound Emerg Dis

Self Cite

Phylogenetic studies on foot‐and‐mouth disease viruses (FMDVs) circulating in the West Eurasian region have largely focused on the genomic sequences encoding the structural proteins that determine the serotype. The present study has compared near‐complete genome sequences of FMDVs representative of the viruses that circulate in this region. The near‐complete genome sequences (ca. 7,600 nt) were generated from multiple overlapping RT‐PCR products. These amplicons were from FMDVs belonging to serotypes O, A and Asia‐1, including members of the O‐PanAsia‐II and the A‐Iran05 lineages, and of Group‐II and Group‐VII (Sindh‐08) within serotype Asia‐1, which are currently predominant and widespread in West Eurasia. These new sequences were analysed together with other sequences obtained from GenBank. Comparison of different regions of the FMDVs genomes revealed evidence for multiple, inter‐serotypic, recombination events between FMDVs belonging to the serotypes O, A and Asia‐1. It is concluded from the present study that dramatic changes in virus sequences can occur in the field through recombination between different FMDV genomes. These analyses provide information about the ancestry of the serotype O, A and Asia‐1 FMDVs that are currently circulating within the West Eurasian region.

Section: Phylogenetic Analysessupporting

confidence: 76%

Evidence for multiple recombination events within foot‐and‐mouth disease viruses circulating in West Eurasia

Shirazi²,

Özyörük³

et al. 2019

Transbound Emerg Dis

Self Cite

“…In the present study, some samples were found to contain more than one serotype or subtype within the serotype. Inter‐serotypic recombination found in genome of FMDVs has been linked to simultaneous infection of an animal with two serotypes of FMDV (Klein et al., ; Li et al., ; Jamal et al., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Characterization of Serotypes A and Asia-1 Foot-and-mouth Disease Viruses in Balochistan, Pakistan, in 2011

Ullah

Romey

et al. 2016

Transbound Emerg Dis

This study reports characterization of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) in samples collected from Balochistan, Pakistan. FMDV was detected by pan-FMDV real-time RT-PCR in 31 samples (epithelial and oral swabs) collected in 2011 from clinical suspect cases. Of these, 29 samples were serotyped by serotype-specific real-time RT-PCR assays and were confirmed by sequencing the VP1 coding region. Sixteen samples were found positive for serotype A and eight for serotype Asia-1, whereas five samples were found positive for both serotypes A and Asia-1. Two serotype A positive samples were found positive for two different strains of serotype A FMDV each. Phylogenetic analyses of serotype A FMDVs showed circulation of at least three different sublineages within the A-Iran05 lineage. These included two earlier reported sublineages, A-Iran05 and A-Iran05 , and a new sublineage, designated here as A-Iran05 . This shows that viruses belonging to the A-Iran05 lineage are continuously evolving in the region. Viruses belonging to the A-Iran05 sublineage showed close identity with the viruses circulating in 2009 in Pakistan and Afghanistan. However, viruses belonging to the A-Iran05 detected in Balochistan, Pakistan, showed close identity with the viruses circulating in Kyrgyzstan, Iran and Kazakhstan in 2011 and 2012, showing that viruses responsible for outbreak in these countries have a common origin. Serotype Asia-1 FMDVs reported in this study all belonged to the earlier reported Group-VII (Sindh-08), which is currently a dominant strain in the West Eurasian region. Detection of two different serotypes of FMDV or/and two different strains of the same serotype in one animal/sample shows complexity in occurrence of FMD in the region.

“…Animals in the markets or in the colonies were initially screened to determine that there were no suspected clinical cases of FMD and only then collection of the established number of samples was performed from randomly selected animals. The oral swab samples were placed directly into 1 ml RLT buffer (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) as described previously (Klein et al., 2007) and shipped to the National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark (DTU Vet), Lindholm, Denmark.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and genetic characterization of foot-and-mouth disease viruses in samples from clinically healthy animals in endemic settings

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases

Ferrari

Hussain³

et al. 2011

A total of 1501 oral swab samples from Pakistan, Afghanistan and Tajikistan were collected from clinically healthy animals between July 2008 and August 2009 and assayed for the presence of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) RNA. The oral swab samples from two (of four) live animal markets in Pakistan (n = 245), one (of three) live animal market in Afghanistan (n=61) and both the live animal markets in Tajikistan (n=120) all tested negative. However, 2 of 129 (∼2%) samples from Gondal and 11 of 123 (9%) from Chichawatni markets in Pakistan were positive for FMDV RNA. Similarly, 12 of 81 (15%) samples from Kabul and 10 of 20 (50%) from Badakhshan in Afghanistan were found to be positive. Serotypes A and O of FMDV were identified within these samples. Oral swab samples were also collected from dairy colonies in Harbanspura, Lahore (n=232) and Nagori, Karachi (n=136), but all tested negative for FMDV. In the Landhi dairy colony, Pakistan, a cohort of 179 apparently healthy animals was studied. On their arrival within the colony, thirty-nine (22%) of these animals were found positive for FMDV RNA (serotype A was identified), while 130 (72.6%) had antibodies to FMDV non-structural proteins. Thus, newly introduced animals may be a significant source of the disease in the colony. Only two animals from the cohort were detected as becoming positive for FMDV RNA during a follow-up period of 4months; however, only 10 animals remained negative for anti-NSP antibodies during this period.