Genetic characterization of Chikungunya virus circulating in individuals from Paraná, Brazil

Moreira, Déborah de Castro; Duarte, Francisco Ferreira; Philippsen, Gisele Strieder; Jorge, Fernando Américo; Rando, Fabiana dos Santos; Thomazella, Mateus Vaillant; Presibella, Mayra Marinho; Riediger, Irina Nastassja; Fernandez, Maria Aparecida; Bertolini, Dennis Armando

doi:10.1007/s42770-022-00680-x

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Naveca et al [ 40 ] reported the introduction of the ECSA lineage in Roraima in the North Region of Brazil, and de Castro et al reported the ESCA circulation in the Paraná state in the South Region of Brazil. Taken together, this makes it clear that the ECSA lineage is prevalent and spread across the country [ 41 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic Epidemiology Reveals the Circulation of the Chikungunya Virus East/Central/South African Lineage in Tocantins State, North Brazil

Souza

Santos

Giovanetti

et al. 2022

Viruses

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The chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-borne virus of the family Togaviridae transmitted to humans by Aedes spp. mosquitoes. In Brazil, imported cases have been reported since June 2014 through two independent introductions, one caused by Asian Lineage in Oiapoque, Amapá state, North Region, and another caused by East/Central/South African (ECSA) in Feira de Santana, Bahia state, Northeast Region. Moreover, there is still limited information about the genomic epidemiology of the CHIKV from surveillance studies. The Tocantins state, located in Northern Brazil, reported an increase in the number of CHIKV cases at the end of 2021 and the beginning of 2022. Thus, to better understand the dispersion dynamics of this viral pathogen in the state, we generated 27 near-complete CHIKV genome sequences from four cities, obtained from clinical samples. Our results showed that the newly CHIKV genomes from Tocantins belonged to the ECSA lineage. Phylogenetic reconstruction revealed that Tocantins’ strains formed a single well-supported clade, which appear to be closely related to isolates from the Rio Grande do Norte state (Northeast Brazil) and the Rio de Janeiro state (Southeast Brazil), that experienced an explosive ECSA epidemic between 2016–2019. Mutation analyses showed eleven frequent non-synonymous mutations in the structural and non-structural proteins, indicating the autochthonous transmission of the CHIKV in the state. None of the genomes recovered within the Tocantins samples carry the A226V mutation in the E1 protein associated with increased transmission in A. albopictus. The study presented here highlights the importance of continued genomic surveillance to provide information not only on recording mutations along the viral genome but as a molecular surveillance tool to trace virus spread within the country, to predict events of likely occurrence of new infections, and, as such, contribute to an improved public health service.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic Epidemiology Reveals the Circulation of the Chikungunya Virus East/Central/South African Lineage in Tocantins State, North Brazil

Souza

Santos

Giovanetti

et al. 2022

Viruses

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“…Notably, our study was based on serological findings for CHIKV, and the antibody-based immune response to an agent is usually triggered 5-7 days after the onset of symptoms, a period that coincides with natural viral clearance [73], which could limit CHIKV RNA detection. The ECSA lineage has been established as responsible for CHIKV infection cases in different regions of Brazil [6,45,[74][75][76][77][78][79][80], mainly in the Northeast Region, which was the epicenter of the CHIKV epidemic in the country [6,81] and the Southeast Region, with outbreaks in the states of Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo and Minas Gerais [72,77,[82][83][84][85][86].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryptic circulation of chikungunya virus in São Jose do Rio Preto, Brazil, 2015–2019

Zini,

Ávila,

Cezarotti

et al. 2024

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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Background Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) has spread across Brazil with varying incidence rates depending on the affected areas. Due to cocirculation of arboviruses and overlapping disease symptoms, CHIKV infection may be underdiagnosed. To understand the lack of CHIKV epidemics in São José do Rio Preto (SJdRP), São Paulo (SP), Brazil, we evaluated viral circulation by investigating anti-CHIKV IgG seroconversion in a prospective study of asymptomatic individuals and detecting anti-CHIKV IgM in individuals suspected of dengue infection, as well as CHIKV presence in Aedes mosquitoes. The opportunity to assess two different groups (symptomatic and asymptomatic) exposed at the same geographic region aimed to broaden the possibility of identifying the viral circulation, which had been previously considered absent. Methodology/principal findings Based on a prospective population study model and demographic characteristics (sex and age), we analyzed the anti-CHIKV IgG seroconversion rate in 341 subjects by ELISA over four years. The seroprevalence increased from 0.35% in the first year to 2.3% after 3 years of follow-up. Additionally, we investigated 497 samples from a blood panel collected from dengue-suspected individuals during the 2019 dengue outbreak in SJdRP. In total, 4.4% were positive for anti-CHIKV IgM, and 8.6% were positive for IgG. To exclude alphavirus cross-reactivity, we evaluated the presence of anti-Mayaro virus (MAYV) IgG by ELISA, and the positivity rate was 0.3% in the population study and 0.8% in the blood panel samples. In CHIKV and MAYV plaque reduction neutralization tests (PRNTs), the positivity rate for CHIKV-neutralizing antibodies in these ELISA-positive samples was 46.7%, while no MAYV-neutralizing antibodies were detected. Genomic sequencing and phylogenetic analysis revealed CHIKV genotype ECSA in São José do Rio Preto, SP. Finally, mosquitoes collected to complement human surveillance revealed CHIKV positivity of 2.76% of A. aegypti and 9.09% of A. albopictus (although it was far less abundant than A. aegypti) by RT–qPCR. Conclusions/significance Our data suggest cryptic CHIKV circulation in SJdRP detected by continual active surveillance. These low levels, but increasing, of viral circulation highlight the possibility of CHIKV outbreaks, as there is a large naïve population. Improved knowledge of the epidemiological situation might aid in outbreaks prevention.

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“…albopictus are widely distributed (15), autochthonous CHIKF cases caused by the Asian and ECSA genotypes were first detected in December 2013 and September 2014, respectively (16). Subsequent genomic investigations indicated the predominance of the ECSA genotype across Brazil's five geographic regions (17)(18)(19)(20)(21). Currently, Brazil has the highest number of CHIKF cases in the Americas (22).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial-temporal dynamics and recurrence of chikungunya virus in Brazil

Souza

Lima

Mello

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an Aedes mosquito-borne virus that has caused explosive epidemics linked to acute, chronic, and severe clinical outcomes. Since 2014, Brazil has had the highest number of chikungunya fever (CHIKF) cases in the Americas. Here, we report and contextualize the spatiotemporal dynamic of CHIKF in Brazil and combine genomic, epidemiological, and vector analyses to investigate CHIKF recurrence in several Brazilian states. From 2013 to 2022, CHIKV caused seven epidemic waves across Brazil, affecting 59.5% (3,316 of 5,570) of the country's municipalities. To date, Ceara State in the northeast has been the most affected, with 81,274 cases during the two largest epidemic waves in 2016 and 2017, and the ongoing third wave in 2022. The 2022 CHIKF recurrence was associated with a new introduction of an East/Central/South African strain. Also, the CHIKV recurrences in Ceara, Tocantins, and Pernambuco States were limited to municipalities with few or no prior reported cases in the previous epidemic waves, suggesting that spatial heterogeneity of CHIKV spread and population immunity may explain the recurrence pattern in the country. In addition, the population density metrics of main CHIKV vector in Brazil, Ae. aegypti, were not correlated spatially with locations of CHIKF recurrence in Ceara and Tocantins States. Also, we show that CHIKF disproportionally affected females, and we estimated the case-fatality ratio in Ceara at ~1.3 deaths per 1,000 cases. These findings more comprehensively describe CHIKV epidemics in Brazil and contribute to understanding CHIKF recurrence in urban settings. Overall, this information may help guide public health policy to mitigate and reduce the burden of urban arboviruses.

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Genetic characterization of Chikungunya virus circulating in individuals from Paraná, Brazil

Cited by 6 publications

References 19 publications

Genomic Epidemiology Reveals the Circulation of the Chikungunya Virus East/Central/South African Lineage in Tocantins State, North Brazil

Genomic Epidemiology Reveals the Circulation of the Chikungunya Virus East/Central/South African Lineage in Tocantins State, North Brazil

Cryptic circulation of chikungunya virus in São Jose do Rio Preto, Brazil, 2015–2019

Spatial-temporal dynamics and recurrence of chikungunya virus in Brazil

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