Genetic characterization of Chinese measles vaccines by analysis of complete genomic sequences

Abstract

The complete genomic sequences of two Chinese measles vaccine viruses, Shanghai-191 (S-191) and Changchun-47 (C-47), were determined and compared to the sequences of other measles vaccine strains as well as the prototype measles strain, Edmonston wild-type (Edwt). Compared to Edwt, S-191 and C-47 had 49 and 43 nucleotide changes, respectively. These differences were found at 52 nucleotide positions that were not found in other vaccine strains. Phylogenetic analysis of the all of the available genomic sequences for measles vaccines showed that S-191 and C-47 were most closely related to the Leningrad-4 strain. S-191 and C-47 shared conserved vaccine virus-specific amino acid changes in the phosphoprotein (P), V, C, matrix (M), and hemagglutinin (H) that could represent important targets for future studies aimed at understanding the molecular basis of attenuation. In addition, S-191 and C-47 had several unique amino acid changes including 13 positions that differed from Edwt. This is the first comparison of the complete genomic sequences of Chinese measles vaccines to the sequences of other vaccine strains.

Genetic characterization of wild-type measles viruses isolated in China, 2006-2007

“…Virus isolation was conducted by provincial laboratories and isolates were transported to the NLM in Beijing for molecular characterization. In this study, with the exception of one genotype A strain from Shandong province identified as a vaccine reaction, all strains were members of cluster 1 of genotype H1 and no cluster 2 [11] of H1 genotype were detected in 2006-2007 (Figure 3,4, 5). The results of the phylogenetic analysis from nucleotide positions 1230 to 1685 of the sequences of N gene are shown in Figures 3, 4 and 5.…”

Comparison of laboratory diagnostic methods for measles infection and identification of measles virus genotypes in Hong Kong

“…The remaining strains were also likely to be related to vaccination because of their identical sequences. There were two slightly different Shanghai-191 N gene sequences (two nucleotide difference) available on GenBank and both were included in the phylogenetic analysis [Rota et al, 1994;Xu et al, 2004;Zhang et al, 2009c]. If more than one strain shared the same sequence, only one representative strain from each year was selected for phylogenetic analysis.…”

“…Apart from subtype H1a, subtypes H1b and H1c were also detected in China until 2006 [Zhang et al, , 2009c. It was reported that subtype H1a has replaced subtypes H1b and H1c to become the predominant circulating strain in China since 2000 [Zhang et al, 2009a].…”

PACT- and RIG-I-Dependent Activation of Type I Interferon Production by a Defective Interfering RNA Derived from Measles Virus Vaccine

“…In this study, we identified and characterized an IFN-inducing DI RNA of the copy-back type from MV vaccine strain Hu-191. With 50 nucleotide substitutions, the Hu-191 virus is more divergent from the Edmonston strain than most other vaccine strains (41). It has not previously been documented whether the Hu-191 virus produces DI RNA like other vaccine strains, such as strains Zagreb, AIK-C, and CAM-70 (21,34).…”

“…To verify this, we first examined the induction of IFNs and cytokines by a vaccine strain of MV named Hu-191. The Hu-191 vaccine was developed in Shanghai, China, using a locally isolated strain and has been the most extensively used MV vaccine in the Chinese vaccination program (40,41). In fact, it has been used for measles immunization in all provinces in China since 2003.…”