Genetic characterization of novel reassortant H5N6-subtype influenza viruses isolated from cats in eastern China

Cao, Xueliang; Yang, Fan; Wu, Haibo; Xu, Lixin

doi:10.1007/s00705-017-3490-2

Cited by 22 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…H5N6 influenza virus continues to circulate in poultry in Asia and the Pacific region ( OIE World Organisation for Animal Health, 2016 ). Some mammal ( Cao et al, 2017 ; Kim et al, 2017 ) and human cases are also reported occasionally ( Yang et al, 2015 ; Pan et al, 2016 ; Xu W. et al, 2016 ). To investigate the mammal adaption mechanism of H5N6, mouse adaption was conducted ( Peng et al, 2016 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amino Acid Substitutions HA A150V, PA A343T, and PB2 E627K Increase the Virulence of H5N6 Influenza Virus in Mice

Peng

Liu

et al. 2018

Front. Microbiol.

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H5N6 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) can cause severe pneumonia and death in humans. However, the molecular determinants of H5N6 influenza virus mammalian adaption are still unclear. Three amino acid substitutions (HA A150V, PA A343T, PB2 E627K) are observed in H5N6 virus A/duck/Zhejiang/6D2/2013 (6D2) in lung-to-lung passage in mice. These substitutions are crucial to the pathogenicity of mouse-adapted virus. In this study, we investigated the contribution of each amino acid substitution in the virus by reverse genetics. The results demonstrate that HA A150V greatly altered the receptor binding preference of 6D2. Virus bearing this substitution acquired increased mortality than mice infected with wild-type 6D2. The PA A343T substitution mildly enhanced viral polymerase activity but the reduced survival rate in mice indicates this substitution may change the immunoreaction of the host. The well-known PB2 E627K substitution increased eight folds the relative polymerase activity compared to PA A343T and resulted in 100% death rate in mice. In addition, we show that PA A343T dramatically exacerbates the effect of PB2 E627K on viral polymerase activity; when combined, these two substitutions work synergistically. However, HA A150V and PA A343T seemed to attenuate PB2 E627K in vivo, which implies the difference between mixed viral populations under natural condition and single population under experiment, specialization and cooperation in quasispecies is important in the process of adaption. This study suggests that HA A150V, PA A343T, and PB2 E627K are crucial in the adaption and increased pathogenicity of H5N6 in mammalian hosts.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amino Acid Substitutions HA A150V, PA A343T, and PB2 E627K Increase the Virulence of H5N6 Influenza Virus in Mice

Peng

Liu

et al. 2018

Front. Microbiol.

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“…There are also reports of occasional influenza cases in cats caused by other IAVs [ 16 , 50 , 51 ]. A recent study confirmed that the presence of antibodies to IAVs of both avian and human origin is not uncommon in European shelter cats [ 6 ].…”

Section: Epidemiology Of Iav Infections In Catsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influenza Virus Infections in Cats

Frymus

Belák

Egberink

et al. 2021

Viruses

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In the past, cats were considered resistant to influenza. Today, we know that they are susceptible to some influenza A viruses (IAVs) originating in other species. Usually, the outcome is only subclinical infection or a mild fever. However, outbreaks of feline disease caused by canine H3N2 IAV with fever, tachypnoea, sneezing, coughing, dyspnoea and lethargy are occasionally noted in shelters. In one such outbreak, the morbidity rate was 100% and the mortality rate was 40%. Recently, avian H7N2 IAV infection occurred in cats in some shelters in the USA, inducing mostly mild respiratory disease. Furthermore, cats are susceptible to experimental infection with the human H3N2 IAV that caused the pandemic in 1968. Several studies indicated that cats worldwide could be infected by H1N1 IAV during the subsequent human pandemic in 2009. In one shelter, severe cases with fatalities were noted. Finally, the highly pathogenic avian H5N1 IAV can induce a severe, fatal disease in cats, and can spread via cat-to-cat contact. In this review, the Advisory Board on Cat Diseases (ABCD), a scientifically independent board of experts in feline medicine from 11 European countries, summarises current data regarding the aetiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical picture, diagnostics, and control of feline IAV infections, as well as the zoonotic risks.

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“…In cats no reassortment between avian and mammalian IAVs was thought to occur until recently, where a novel reassortant of the H5N6-subtype influenza viruses was isolated from two cats in eastern China (90). Both viruses were sequenced and genetic analysis showed that these viruses received their genes from three avian subtypes, including H5N6 (HA, NA, PA), H9N2 (PB2, M, NS), and H7N9 (PB1, NP) influenza subtypes viruses isolated in China (Figure 1).…”

Section: Subtypes Arose From Genetic Reassortmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Analysis of the receptor-binding preference of the feline isolated H5N6 virus revealed that it possesses both avian-and human receptor specificities. Furthermore, the H5N6 virus was able to replicate to high titer in the lungs of infected in mice without prior adaptation, though it was not lethal, indicating mammalian host adaptation (90).…”

Section: Subtypes Arose From Genetic Reassortmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influenza A Virus Infection in Cats and Dogs: A Literature Review in the Light of the “One Health” Concept

Borland

Gracieux

Jones

et al. 2020

Front. Public Health

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Influenza A viruses are amongst the most challenging viruses that threaten both human and animal health. Constantly evolving and crossing species barrier, the emergence of novel zoonotic pathogens is one of the greatest challenges to global health security. During the last decade, considerable attention has been paid to influenza virus infections in dogs, as two canine H3N8 and H3N2 subtypes caused several outbreaks through the United States and Southern Asia, becoming endemic. Cats, even though less documented in the literature, still appear to be susceptible to many avian influenza infections. While influenza epidemics pose a threat to canine and feline health, the risks to humans are largely unknown. Here, we review most recent knowledge of the epidemiology of influenza A viruses in dogs and cats, existing evidences for the abilities of these species to host, sustain intraspecific transmission, and generate novel flu A lineages through genomic reassortment. Such enhanced understanding suggests a need to reinforce surveillance of the role played by companion animals-human interface, in light of the "One Health" concept and the potential emergence of novel zoonotic viruses.

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Genetic characterization of novel reassortant H5N6-subtype influenza viruses isolated from cats in eastern China

Cited by 22 publications

References 31 publications

Amino Acid Substitutions HA A150V, PA A343T, and PB2 E627K Increase the Virulence of H5N6 Influenza Virus in Mice

Amino Acid Substitutions HA A150V, PA A343T, and PB2 E627K Increase the Virulence of H5N6 Influenza Virus in Mice

Influenza Virus Infections in Cats

Influenza A Virus Infection in Cats and Dogs: A Literature Review in the Light of the “One Health” Concept

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