Genetic characterization of Plectorhinchus mediterraneus yields important clues about genome organization and evolution of multigene families

Merlo, Manuel Alejandro; Pacchiarini, Tiziana; Portela-Bens, Silvia; Cross, Ismael; Manchado, Manuel; Rebordinos, Laureana

doi:10.1186/1471-2156-13-33

Cited by 24 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…Recent studies have shown the presence of elements such as tRNA-derived short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), long terminal repeats (LTRs) and microsatellites, among others, in the NTSs of fishes ( fig. 1 B) [Merlo et al, 2012a[Merlo et al, , 2013b, revealing a putative main role for these elements in the dynamics of the 5S rDNA, as will be discussed in this review.…”

Section: Evolution Of the 5s Rdna: Concerted Evolution Versus Birth-amentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The role of these elements will be discussed in the following sections. Recently, in the Haemulidae species Plectorhinchus mediterraneus , a tRNA-derived SINE was observed for the first time in the NTS type α of the 5S rDNA multigene family [Merlo et al, 2012a]. The presence of retrotransposable elements (non-LTR retrotransposons) has been described in linkage with the 5S rDNA multigene family in the fish Erythrinus erythrinus [Cioffi et al, 2010].…”

Section: Sources Of Variability In the 5s Rdnamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Up to 4 variants of 5S rDNA were found in this species [Merlo et al, 2012a]. However, in this species, the localization of the 5S rRNA gene by means of the FISH technique showed only a single pair of chromosomes bearing this gene ( fig.…”

Section: The Role Of Retrotransposons In the 5s Rdna Dynamismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, it is possible that a tRNA-derived SINE was linked with the 5S rDNA in this variant. From an evolutionary point of view, it has been postulated that SINE integration into new localizations has potential implications, since it can disturb gene expressions or serve as a source of genomic innovation and a factor of genome plasticity [Makalowski, 2000;Merlo et al, 2012a].…”

Section: The Role Of Retrotransposons In the 5s Rdna Dynamismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Following the discovery of a type of NTS (1 out of 4) with a tRNA-derived SINE, another 2 NTS variants (named β and δ) found in this species showed another relevant feature [Merlo et al, 2012a]: these 2 variants presented high homology with type I of the 5S rDNA from R. asterias [Pasolini et al, 2006], in both coding and non-coding regions. P. mediterraneus and R. asterias belong to different classes: the former to Actinopterygii and the latter to Chondrichthyes.…”

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High Evolutionary Dynamism in 5S rDNA of Fish: State of the Art

Rebordinos

Cross

Merlo³

2013

Cytogenet Genome Res

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The 5S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) consists of one transcriptional unit of about 120 base pairs, which is separated from the next unit by a non-transcribed spacer (NTS). The coding sequence and the NTS together form a repeat unit which can be found in hundreds to thousands of copies tandemly repeated in the genomes. The NTS regions seem to be subject to rapid evolution. The first general model of evolution of these multigene families was referred to as divergent evolution, based on studies using hemoglobin and myoglobin as model systems. Later studies showed that nucleotide sequences of different multigene family members are more closely related within species than between species. This observation led to a new model of multigene family evolution, termed concerted evolution. Another model of evolution, named the birth-and-death model, has been found to be more suitable to explain the long-term evolution of these multigene families. According to this model, new genes originate by successive duplications, and these new genes are either maintained for a long time or are lost, or else degenerate into pseudogenes. In this review we describe different sources of variability in the 5S rDNA genes observed in several distinct fish species. This variability is mainly referred to NTSs and includes the presence of other multigene families (mainly LINEs, SINEs, non-LTR retrotransposons, and U snRNA families). Different types of microsatellites have also been found to contribute to the increase of variability in this region. Our recent results suggest that horizontal transfer contributes to the increase of diversity in the NTSs of some species. Variability in the 5S rDNA coding region affecting the stability of the structure, but without effects on the function of the 5S rRNA, is also described. Retrotransposons seem to be responsible for the high dynamism of 5S rDNA, while microsatellites acting as recombination hot spots could stabilize a wide variety of unusual DNA structures, affecting DNA replication and enhancing or decreasing promoter activity in gene expression. The relationship between the high variability found at molecular level and the low variability found at chromosomal level is also discussed.

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Section: Evolution Of the 5s Rdna: Concerted Evolution Versus Birth-amentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Sources Of Variability In the 5s Rdnamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Role Of Retrotransposons In the 5s Rdna Dynamismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Role Of Retrotransposons In the 5s Rdna Dynamismmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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High Evolutionary Dynamism in 5S rDNA of Fish: State of the Art

Rebordinos

Cross

Merlo³

2013

Cytogenet Genome Res

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Integrative Cytogenetics, A Conservation Approach in Atlantic Fish: Concepts, Estimates, and Uses

Molina,

da Motta-Neto,

da Costa

2023

Conservation Genetics in the Neotropics

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The 5S rDNA High Dynamism in Diplodus sargus is a Transposon-Mediated Mechanism. Comparison with Other Multigene Families and Sparidae Species

et al. 2013

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There has been considerable discussion in recent years on the evolution of the tandemly repeated multigene families, since some organisms show a concerted model whereas others show a birth-and-death model. This controversial subject extends to several species of fish. In this study, three species of the Sparidae family (Pagrus pagrus, P. auriga and Diplodus sargus) and an interspecific hybrid (P. pagrus (♀) × P. auriga (♂)) have been studied at both molecular and cytogenetic level, taking three different multigene families (5S rDNA, 45S rDNA and U2 snDNA). Results obtained with the 5S rDNA in P. pagrus and P. auriga are characterized by a considerable degree of conservation at the two levels; however, an extraordinary variation was observed in D. sargus at the two levels, which has never been found in other fishes studied to date. As a consequence of this, the evolutionary model of the multigene families is discussed considering the results obtained and others from the bibliography. The result obtained in the hybrid allowed the recombination frequency in each multigene family to be estimated.

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Genetic characterization of Plectorhinchus mediterraneus yields important clues about genome organization and evolution of multigene families

Cited by 24 publications

References 81 publications

High Evolutionary Dynamism in 5S rDNA of Fish: State of the Art

High Evolutionary Dynamism in 5S rDNA of Fish: State of the Art

Integrative Cytogenetics, A Conservation Approach in Atlantic Fish: Concepts, Estimates, and Uses

The 5S rDNA High Dynamism in Diplodus sargus is a Transposon-Mediated Mechanism. Comparison with Other Multigene Families and Sparidae Species

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