Genetic Contributions to the Midsagittal Area of the Corpus Callosum

Phillips, Kimberley A.; Rogers, Jeffrey; Barrett, Elizabeth Ann; Glahn, David C.; Kochunov, Peter

doi:10.1017/thg.2012.10

Cited by 18 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…In another paper, the same laboratory [36] reported significant heritabilities for genu (59%), body (62%), and splenium (75%). Significant heritabilities for CC substructures were also reported in non-human primates [48]. A recent genetic analysis of diffusion tensor images found significant heritability estimates for genu, body, and splenium [49].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Corpus Callosum Size Is Highly Heritable in Humans, and May Reflect Distinct Genetic Influences on Ventral and Rostral Regions

et al. 2014

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Anatomical differences in the corpus callosum have been found in various psychiatric disorders, but data on the genetic contributions to these differences have been limited. The current study used morphometric MRI data to assess the heritability of corpus callosum size and the genetic correlations among anatomical sub-regions of the corpus callosum among individuals with and without mood disorders. The corpus callosum (CC) was manually segmented at the mid-sagittal plane in 42 women (healthy, n = 14; major depressive disorder, n = 15; bipolar disorder, n = 13) and their 86 child or adolescent offspring. Four anatomical sub-regions (CC-genu, CC2, CC3 and CC-splenium) and total CC were measured and analyzed. Heritability and genetic correlations were estimated using a variance components method, with adjustment for age, sex, diagnosis, and diagnosis x age, where appropriate. Significant heritability was found for several CC sub-regions (P<0.01), with estimated values ranging from 48% (splenium) to 67% (total CC). There were strong and significant genetic correlations among most sub regions. Correlations between the genu and mid-body, between the genu and total corpus callosum, and between anterior and mid body were all >90%, but no significant genetic correlations were detected between ventral and rostral regions in this sample. Genetic factors play an important role in corpus callosum size among individuals. Distinct genetic factors seem to be involved in caudal and rostral regions, consistent with the divergent functional specialization of these brain areas.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Corpus Callosum Size Is Highly Heritable in Humans, and May Reflect Distinct Genetic Influences on Ventral and Rostral Regions

et al. 2014

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“…As has been done in previous studies in primates [15, 16], we used the program SOLAR (Sequential Oligogenic Linkage Analysis Routines) to estimate heritability [17]. The overall “g” factor score as well the scores for each of the four components derived from the PCA served as the variables of interest in the heritability analyses.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chimpanzee Intelligence Is Heritable

2014

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Summary The role that genes play in human intelligence or IQ has remained a point of significant scientific debate dating back to the time of Galton [1]. It has now become increasingly clear that IQ is heritable in humans but these effects can be modified by non-genetic mechanisms [2-4]. In contrast to human IQ, until recently, views of learning and cognition in animals have largely been dominated by the behaviorist school of thought, originally championed by Watson [5] and Skinner [6]. A large body of research has now accumulated demonstrating a variety of cognitive abilities in nonhuman animals that challenge traditional behaviorist interpretations of performance [7, 8]. This, in turn, has lead to a renewed interest in the role that social and biological factors might play in explaining individual and phylogenetic differences in cognition[9]. Specifically, aside from early attempts to selectively breed for learning skills in rodents [10-12], studies examining the role that genetic factors might play in individual variation in cognitive abilities in nonhuman animals, particularly nonhuman primates, are scarce. Here, we utilized a modified Primate Cognitive Test Battery [13] in conjunction with quantitative genetic analyses to examine whether cognitive performance is heritable in chimpanzees. We found that some but not all cognitive traits were significantly heritable in chimpanzees. We further found significant genetic correlations between different dimensions of cognitive functioning, suggesting that the same genes may explain their variability.

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“…It has been suggested that this decline in processing speed is caused by a reduction in the propagation of action potentials across cortical networks (Wright et al, 2015). In recent years, several authors (Friedman et al, 2008;Mori et al, 2007;Phillips et al, 2012;Wright et al, 2015Wright et al, , 2014 have reported that schizophrenia patients show a more pronounced ageing of white matter compared with controls. This might be a rational line of enquiry for future studies using the approach described here.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Information processing speed mediates the relationship between white matter and general intelligence in schizophrenia

Alloza

Cox

Duff

et al. 2016

Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging

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Several authors have proposed that schizophrenia is the result of impaired connectivity between specific brain regions rather than differences in local brain activity. White matter abnormalities have been suggested as the anatomical substrate for this dysconnectivity hypothesis. Information processing speed may act as a key cognitive resource facilitating higher order cognition by allowing multiple cognitive processes to be simultaneously available. However, there is a lack of established associations between these variables in schizophrenia. We hypothesised that the relationship between white matter and general intelligence would be mediated by processing speed. White matter water diffusion parameters were studied using Tract-based Spatial Statistics and computed within 46 regions-of-interest (ROI). Principal component analysis was conducted on these white matter ROI for fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity, and on neurocognitive subtests to extract general factors of white mater structure (gFA, gMD), general intelligence (g) and processing speed (gspeed). There was a positive correlation between g and gFA (r= 0.67, p =0.001) that was partially and significantly mediated by gspeed (56.22% CI: 0.10-0.62). These findings suggest a plausible model of structure-function relations in schizophrenia, whereby white matter structure may provide a neuroanatomical substrate for general intelligence, which is partly supported by speed of information processing.

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Genetic Contributions to the Midsagittal Area of the Corpus Callosum

Cited by 18 publications

References 58 publications

Corpus Callosum Size Is Highly Heritable in Humans, and May Reflect Distinct Genetic Influences on Ventral and Rostral Regions

Corpus Callosum Size Is Highly Heritable in Humans, and May Reflect Distinct Genetic Influences on Ventral and Rostral Regions

Chimpanzee Intelligence Is Heritable

Information processing speed mediates the relationship between white matter and general intelligence in schizophrenia

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