Genetic control of root plasticity in response to salt stress in maize

Li, Pengcheng; Yang, Xiaobo; Wang, Houmiao; Pan, Ting; Wang, Yunyun; Xu, Yongsheng; Xu, Chenwu; Yang, Zefeng

doi:10.1007/s00122-021-03784-4

Cited by 49 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Hence, plant roots have developed an adaptive growth avoidance mechanism (capable of reversing the direction of a lateral auxin gradient normally associated with gravitropism) when exposed to a salt gradient. Salt also triggers adaptive changes in root architecture (Kitomi et al, 2020;Li et al, 2021). In this issue, Zhao et al Micro-nutrients like iron can also reach toxic levels under selected environmental circumstances, necessitating crop roots to employ a range of mechanisms to ameliorate their effects.…”

Section: Strategies For Avoiding and Tolerating Soil Toxicitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Root phenotypes for the future

Amtmann

Bennett

Henry

2022

Plant Cell & Environment

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Root phenotypes play profoundly important roles supporting plant growth and their adaptive responses to myriad environmental stresses. For example, architecture-scale traits such as root angle can have a major impact on foraging efficiency for immobile and mobile soil nutrients such as phosphate and nitrate, respectively (Schneider et al., 2022). Increasing evidence supports the importance of anatomical-scale traits, such as root hair length and xylem size, conferring abiotic stress tolerance in crops (Cai et al., 2022;Cornelis & Hazak 2022;Kohli et al., 2022), whilst major steps are being made to dissect molecular-scale adaptive mechanisms, such as ways roots detoxify metals and metalloids (Kirk et al., 2022;Podar & Maathuis, 2022). Knowledge of these root phenotypes and their underlying regulatory genes is vital for developing future crop varieties better adapted to the challenges presented by global climate change and the pressing need to support more sustainable agricultural practices. This represents a multi-scale and -disciplinary endeavour, spanning agronomy, molecular biology, phenomics, breeding, soil science, and ecology to study, discover and decipher the key environmental stresses, adaptive root phenotypes, and their underlying mechanisms (Figure 1). In this editorial, we give an overview of the content of the Special Issue of Plant, Cell & Environment on "Root Phenotypes for the Future." Based on the articles collated in this Special Issue we discuss emerging root traits and their regulatory mechanisms. The arising new insights underpin efforts to create crop varieties more resilient against future environmental stresses and better adapted to sustainable soil management practices.

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Section: Strategies For Avoiding and Tolerating Soil Toxicitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Root phenotypes for the future

Amtmann

Bennett

Henry

2022

Plant Cell & Environment

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“…Salt stress can damage and inhibit the growth of plant roots, therefore, the root growth can represent plant salt stress tolerance (Arsova et al, 2020;Dinneny, 2019;Li et al, 2021;Shao et al, 2021). The results from qPCR assays revealed that OsCSLD4 was expressed in rice roots, stems and leaves (Figure S2; Ding et al, 2015).…”

Section: Disruption Of Oscsld4 Impairs Rice Salt Stress Tolerancementioning

confidence: 99%

Cellulose synthase‐like protein OsCSLD4 plays an important role in the response of rice to salt stress by mediating abscisic acid biosynthesis to regulate osmotic stress tolerance

Zhao

Wang

et al. 2021

Plant Biotechnology Journal

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Cell wall polysaccharide biosynthesis enzymes play important roles in plant growth, development and stress responses. The functions of cell wall polysaccharide synthesis enzymes in plant growth and development have been well studied. In contrast, their roles in plant responses to environmental stress are poorly understood. Previous studies have demonstrated that the rice cell wall cellulose synthase-like D4 protein (OsCSLD4) is involved in cell wall polysaccharide synthesis and is important for rice growth and development. This study demonstrated that the OsCSLD4 function-disrupted mutant nd1 was sensitive to salt stress, but insensitive to abscisic acid (ABA). The expression of some ABA synthesis and response genes was repressed in nd1 under both normal and salt stress conditions. Exogenous ABA can restore nd1-impaired salt stress tolerance. Moreover, overexpression of OsCSLD4 can enhance rice ABA synthesis gene expression, increase ABA content and improve rice salt tolerance, thus implying that OsCSLD4-regulated rice salt stress tolerance is mediated by ABA synthesis. Additionally, nd1 decreased rice tolerance to osmotic stress, but not ion toxic tolerance. The results from the transcriptome analysis showed that more osmotic stress-responsive genes were impaired in nd1 than salt stress-responsive genes, thus indicating that OsCSLD4 is involved in rice salt stress response through an ABAinduced osmotic response pathway. Intriguingly, the disruption of OsCSLD4 function decreased grain width and weight, while overexpression of OsCSLD4 increased grain width and weight. Taken together, this study demonstrates a novel plant salt stress adaptation mechanism by which crops can coordinate salt stress tolerance and yield.

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“…In Arabidopsis, moderate to high salt concentrations (75-150 mM NaCl) inhibit both primary root (PR) and lateral root (LR) growth (Figure 1). The traits of PR length, LR length and LR number are consistently reduced, but LR density shows a large variation in response to high salt concentrations between different reports, likely caused by different nutrient concentrations used (Julkowska et al, 2014;P. Li, Yang, et al, 2021;Y.…”

Section: Salt Modulates Rsamentioning

confidence: 97%

“…and the GRAS-type TF family member ZmGRAS43, were identified to be associated with modulating RSA in response to salinity stress (P. Li, Yang, et al, 2021). Another recent study showed that rice yields in saline soil can be improved via a QTL containing SOIL SUR-FACE ROOTING 1 (qSOR1), a homolog of DEEPER ROOTING 1 (DRO1), which is modifying root growth direction to a shallower root growth angle (Kitomi et al, 2020).…”

Section: Uncovering the Genetic Control Of Root Plasticitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Root dynamic growth strategies in response to salinity

Zou

Zhang

Testerink

2021

Plant Cell & Environment

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Increasing soil salinization largely impacts crop yield worldwide. To deal with salinity stress, plants exhibit an array of responses, including root system architecture remodelling. Here, we review recent progress in physiological, developmental and cellular mechanisms of root growth responses to salinity. Most recent research in modulation of root branching, root tropisms, as well as in root cell wall modifications under salinity stress, is discussed in the context of the contribution of these responses to overall plant performance. We highlight the power of natural variation approaches revealing novel potential pathways responsible for differences in root salt stress responses. Together, these new findings promote our understanding of how salt shapes the root phenotype, which may provide potential avenues for engineering crops with better yield and survival in saline soils.

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Genetic control of root plasticity in response to salt stress in maize

Cited by 49 publications

References 47 publications

Root phenotypes for the future

Root phenotypes for the future

Cellulose synthase‐like protein OsCSLD4 plays an important role in the response of rice to salt stress by mediating abscisic acid biosynthesis to regulate osmotic stress tolerance

Root dynamic growth strategies in response to salinity

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