Genetic control of the rate of transmission of rye B chromosomes. III. Male meiosis and gametogenesis

Jiménez, M M; Romera, F; González‐Sánchez, Mónica; Puertas, M. J.

doi:10.1038/hdy.1997.103

Cited by 26 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Variation in the B ability for forming bivalents at metaphase I is one of the main features modulating their transmission rate (M.M. Jimé nez et al, 1997;G. Jimé nez et al, 2000), since the mitotic drive affected by nondisjunction occurs at a constant and high frequency.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptionally Active Heterochromatin in Rye B Chromosomes

et al. 2007

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B chromosomes (Bs) are dispensable components of the genomes of numerous species. Thus far, there is a lack of evidence for any transcripts of Bs in plants, with the exception of some rDNA sequences. Here, we show that the Giemsa banding-positive heterochromatic subterminal domain of rye (Secale cereale) Bs undergoes decondensation during interphase. Contrary to the heterochromatic regions of A chromosomes, this domain is simultaneously marked by trimethylated H3K4 and by trimethylated H3K27, an unusual combination of apparently conflicting histone modifications. Notably, both types of B-specific high copy repeat families (E3900 and D1100) of the subterminal domain are transcriptionally active, although with different tissue type–dependent activity. No small RNAs were detected specifically for the presence of Bs. The lack of any significant open reading frame and the highly heterogeneous size of mainly polyadenylated transcripts indicate that the noncoding RNA may function as structural or catalytic RNA.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptionally Active Heterochromatin in Rye B Chromosomes

et al. 2007

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“…When B univalents divide equationally at anaphase I, they are subsequently eliminated as micronuclei. On the contrary, Bs in the H line form bivalents in nearly 90 % of the pollen mother cells and they are present in 85 % of the pollen grains (Jiménez et al, 1997). It was determined that the genes controlling rye B transmission rate are located on the Bs, being considered sites for chiasma formation (Puertas et al, 1998).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Firstly, the Bs have harmful effects on fertility (Romera et al, 1989;Jones, 1991;Jiménez et al, 1994). Secondly, Bs may form univalents that frequently do not reach the gametes (Jiménez et al, 1997). The variation in B transmission is mainly caused by the variation of B behaviour during meiosis, because nondisjunction occurs in almost 100 % of the cases .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The parasitic effects of rye B chromosomes might be beneficial in the long term

González‐Sánchez¹,

Chiavarino²,

Jiménez³

et al. 2004

Cytogenet Genome Res

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Rye B chromosomes (Bs) have strong parasitic effects on fertility. B carrying plants are less fertile than 0B ones, whereas the Bs have no significant effects on plant vigour. On the other hand, it has been reported that B transmission is under genetic control in such a way that H line plants transmit the Bs at high frequency, whereas the Bs in the low B transmission rate line (L) fail to pair at metaphase I and are frequently lost. In the present work we analyse variables affecting vigour and fertility considering not only the number of Bs of each plant, but also its H or L status and the B number of its maternal parent. Our results show that the Bs not only decrease female fertility of the B carrier, but the fertility of its progeny, with the exception of 0B plants coming from a 4B mother, which are the most fertile. In this way B chromosomes can be considered as a selective factor. Pollen abortion was higher in B carriers, in the progeny of B carriers and in H plants, but 4B plants coming from B carrying mothers produce less aborted pollen, indicating that a high B number is more deleterious if it is transmitted in the pollen grains. A similar result was obtained for endosperm quality estimated as grain weight, because it is negatively influenced by the Bs in 4B plants coming from a 0B mother. H plants were always less fertile than L ones, indicating that alleles increasing the loss of Bs in the L line will be probably selected as a defence of the A genome against the invasive Bs of the H line. Flower number is not affected by the Bs.

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“…2B plants of the L line form bivalents only in 20 % of the metaphase I cells and the Bs are eliminated as micronuclei when they divide equationally at anaphase I. In the H line the Bs form bivalents in nearly 90 % of the pollen mother cells and they are present in 85 % of the pollen grains (Jiménez et al, 1997). The simplest assumption then is that the genes for high and low transmission rate selected in these lines are sites for chiasma formation, or at least B homologous arm binding sites, located on the B chromosomes (Puertas et al, 1998).…”

Section: The Non-parasitic Bs Of Allium Schoenoprasummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This strong drive is counteracted at two levels. Firstly, rye Bs have harmful effects on fertility (Jiménez et al, 1994) and secondly, the Bs may form univalents which frequently do not reach the gametes (Jiménez et al, 1997). This instability creates persistent variation in B number which results in a polymorphism at the population level.…”

Section: The Non-parasitic Bs Of Allium Schoenoprasummentioning

confidence: 99%

Nature and evolution of B chromosomes in plants: A non-coding but information-rich part of plant genomes

Puertas

2002

Cytogenet Genome Res

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This work reviews recent advances providing insights on the origin and evolution of B chromosomes (Bs) in representative plant species. Brachyome dichromosomatica has large and micro Bs. Both carry an inactive ribosomal gene cluster. The large Bs contain the B-specific Bd49 family, mainly located at the centromere. Multiple copies are present in the A chromosomes (As) of related species, whereas only a few copies exist in B. dichromosomatica As. The micro Bs share sequences with the As, the large Bs and have the B-specific repeats Bdm29 and Bdm54. It seems that the large and micro Bs are related in origin. It is very unlikely that the Bs originated by simple excision from the As. Rye Bs are composed of sequences predominantly shared with the As. B-specific sequences are located at the heterochromatic end of the long arm. Probably, they originated from the As after many rearrangements, with a tendency for duplication. The E3900 family derives from a Ty3 gypsy retrotransposon, but the D1100 family shows no evidence of genic origin. The overall composition of maize As and Bs is similar suggesting a common origin. Several B-specific sequences have been found, the most studied being pZmBs, which is located at the B centromere. It shows partial homology to the centromere of chromosome 4 and to the knobs. It is not known whether the B centromere derives from centromere 4, or whether both have a more distant common origin. The dynamics of Bs in populations depends on their non-Mendelian mechanisms of transmission, their effects on carrier fitness and on A genes modulating their parasitic properties. Three representative examples are reviewed. The Bs of Allium schoenoprassum are transmitted at a mean lower than Mendelian and adversely affect vigour and fertility. However, there is a differential selection operating in favour of B-containing seedlings. Rye Bs undergo strong drive, which is counteracted by harmful effects on fertility and instabilities at meiosis. Both nondisjunction and meiotic behaviour, and consequently the establishment of B polymorphisms, mainly depend on the Bs themselves. B nondisjunction in maize is controlled by the B, but the As control preferential fertilisation. Considering the non-equilibrium model, the Bs of Allium seem to have been neutralised by the A genome, the As of maize provide defence against B attack, whereas the Bs of rye are only slightly neutralized.

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Genetic control of the rate of transmission of rye B chromosomes. III. Male meiosis and gametogenesis

Cited by 26 publications

References 26 publications

Transcriptionally Active Heterochromatin in Rye B Chromosomes

Transcriptionally Active Heterochromatin in Rye B Chromosomes

The parasitic effects of rye B chromosomes might be beneficial in the long term

Nature and evolution of B chromosomes in plants: A non-coding but information-rich part of plant genomes

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