Genetic Data Showing Evolutionary Links between Leishmania and Endotrypanum

Cupolillo, Elisa; Pereira, Luiza de Oliveira Ramos; Fernandes, Octávio; Catanho, Marcos; Pereira, Júlio César; Medina‐Acosta, Enrique; Grimaldi, Gabriel

doi:10.1590/s0074-02761998000500020

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Much of this information on the characterization and classi®cation of the various New World Leishmania was obtained by a combination of biochemical (zymodeme analysis) and immunological (serodeme analysis employing monoclonal antibodies, mAbs) methods [1,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,17,18]. More recently, we have applied an integrated set of approaches towards understanding evolutionary/phylogenetical relationships among trypanosomatids, with emphasis on parasites within the genus Leishmania [19,20,21].…”

Section: Molecular Taxonomy and Relationships Of New World Leishmaniamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on further results of minicircle kDNA heterogeneity and molecular karyotype analyses, the latter Leishmania zymodemes could also be clustered into distinct groups of parasites ( [10,11], and unpublished data). More recently some biochemical (MLEE and sialidase activity) and molecular (restriction fragment length polymorphism of the N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate transferase gene and of the internal transcribed spacer of the ribosomal DNA) data have pointed to the relationship between these leishmanial species and Endotrypanum [19,20,21,22], which has an important epidemiological signi®cance and can be helpful to understand the evolution of those organisms. The results of these studies suggest the presence of two major phylogenetic lineages (called`Sections') within Leishmania that are clearly divergent [20].…”

Section: Molecular Taxonomy and Relationships Of New World Leishmaniamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent advances in the taxonomy of the New World leishmanial parasites

Cupolillo

Alves

Brahim

et al. 2001

Med Microbiol Immunol

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Section: Molecular Taxonomy and Relationships Of New World Leishmaniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Molecular Taxonomy and Relationships Of New World Leishmaniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in the taxonomy of the New World leishmanial parasites

Cupolillo

Alves

Brahim

et al. 2001

Med Microbiol Immunol

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“…equatorensis was demonstrated by (i) sequencing comparisons of the small subunit of ribosomal RNA and RNA Polymerase II genes (Croan & Ellis 1996, Noyes et al 1996, Croan et al 1997, (ii) numerical zymotaxonomy, (iii) intergenic region typing of the internal transcribed spacers of the rRNA genes, (iv) minicircle kDNA heterogeneity analysis, and (v) measurement of the sialidase activites of the parasites (Cupolillo et al 1998) (Herrer 1971, Lainson & Shaw 1977 …”

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confidence: 99%

Characterization of Endotrypanum (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae), a Unique Parasite Infecting the Neotropical Tree Sloths (Edentata)

Franco¹,

Grimaldi²

1999

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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Key words: Endotrypanum -Protozoa -Kinetoplastida -Trypanosomatidae -molecular taxonomy -enzyme activities -monoclonal antibodies -enzyme electrophoresis -DNA analyses -mammalian reservoirssandflies vectorsBiological characteristics of Endotrypanum spp. -Parasitic protozoa of the genus Endotrypanum are unique among the Kinetoplastida in that they infect erythrocytes of their mammalian host. Infection with Endotrypanum appears to be restricted to edentates, principally of forest-dwelling two-toed sloths of the genus Choloepus, but rarer infections with these flagellates seems to occur in three-toed sloths (genus Bradypus) (Fig. 1). As shown in Fig. 2, inside the erythocyte the Endotrypanum assumes an epimastigote or trypomastigote form, while in the sandfly or during in vitro culture the parasite assumes promastigote morphology (Shaw 1992). However, the complete life cycle of Endotrypanum spp. has not been reproduced in experimental studies. Other developmental stages of the parasite may occur within the mammalian host (Deane 1961).In nature, Endotrypanum parasites are probably transmitted by the bite of infected phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae). Arias et al. (Rogers et al. 1988). Further evidence for the development of Endotrypanum in phlebotomines was obtained by feeding several laboratory-reared sandfly species on infected sloths (Shaw 1964, 1969, 1981, Christensen & Herrer 1977, 1979. In these studies, infections developing within the insect gut (Shaw 1964(Shaw , 1969 were similar to those found in wild caught sandflies (Johnson et al. 1963, Arias et al. 1985. Moreover, we have reported (Franco et al. 1997b) the developmental biology of Brazilian strains of Endotrypanum for three sandfly species. Development of Endotrypanum varied for each parasitehost species association. After feeding on culture forms of E. schaudinni, significantly more Lu. shannoni (100%, 9/9) became infected than did Lu. longipalpis (62.3%, 33/53) or Phlebotomus papatasi (27.3%, 15/55). The greatest number of infections were in the midgut and hindgut from 6 to 16 days after feeding, but flagellates also were present in the Malpighian tubules. Moreover, distinct development patterns in the sandfly gut were obtained when the Callejon Lu. longipalpis colony was fed on cultures of other Endotrypanum strains.

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“…[3]; thus there are two phylogenetic lineages within Leishmania that are divergent. For these two lineages the name``section'' was proposed[4]: section Euleishmania (Figs.…”

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confidence: 99%