Genetic dissection of complex endosperm traits

Wang, Xuefeng; Xu, Chenwu; Wu, Rongling

doi:10.1016/j.tplants.2009.04.004

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…Endosperm as a storage tissue for nutrients which is a unique feature of flowering plants in angiosperms, and it is formed during a double fertilization event. Therefore, the embryo is diploid (2C) and the endosperm is triploid (3C) (Wang et al 2009 ; Thomas and Chaturvedi 2008 ). Other seed plants (gymnosperms) of endosperm, as a nutritive tissue supporting the embryo growth, arises from the haploid (1C) cells of the female gametophyte (Wang et al 2009 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the embryo is diploid (2C) and the endosperm is triploid (3C) (Wang et al 2009 ; Thomas and Chaturvedi 2008 ). Other seed plants (gymnosperms) of endosperm, as a nutritive tissue supporting the embryo growth, arises from the haploid (1C) cells of the female gametophyte (Wang et al 2009 ). In this study, we investigated the effects of hydropriming, media compositions, auxins and cytokinins on endosperm callus induction of Taxus chinensis Rehd.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A protocol of homozygous haploid callus induction from endosperm of Taxus chinensis Rehd. var. mairei

Liu

Huang²,

Zhang³

et al. 2016

SpringerPlus

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Obtainment and characterization of the novel endosperm callus of Taxus chinensis Rehd. var. mairei are valuable for haploid breeding, genome, and functional genome in Taxus. Callus was obtained by hydropriming with sterile water for 3 days and suitable medium composition. The highest callus induction (70.89 %) and lower browning ratio (7.95 %) were obtained from Gamborg (B5) medium supplemented with 30 g l−1 of sucrose, 2.5 mg l−1 of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic (2,4-D), 0.5 mg l−1 of 6-benzylademine (6-BA) and 7 g l−1 of agar under dark conditions. The auxin of 2,4-D had a better efficiency of callus induction than naphthylacetic acid, and over 1 mg l−1 of 6-BA was inhibitory to the callogensis of endosperm. The endosperm callus was haploid which was detectable by the flow cytometry. The genome block of homozygosity of callus was homozygous which was indicated by PCR-based SNP marks. The homozygous haploid of endosperm callus in vitro culture may be useful tools for taxoid-metabolism of gene engineering and bio-fermentation engineering.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A protocol of homozygous haploid callus induction from endosperm of Taxus chinensis Rehd. var. mairei

Liu

Huang²,

Zhang³

et al. 2016

SpringerPlus

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“…Such inconsistency was not previously described in deep for other cereals since the expression of transgenes was generally directed to vegetative tissues and mature plants. Since the endosperm forms during double fertilization, its triploid nature might create unusual gene dosage and gene interactions, especially in polyploid species like wheat [45]. Taking into account that the biolistic-mediated transformation may induce large severe rearrangements in cereal genomes [46], the uneven contribution of maternal:paternal genomes may affect the dosage/combination of transgenic functional/non-functional copies in cells of embryo and endosperm.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A competence of embryo-derived tissues of tetraploid cultivated wheat species Triticum dicoccum and Triticum timopheevii for efficient and stable transgenesis mediated by particle inflow gun

et al. 2020

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Background The ability to engineer cereal crops by gene transfer technology is a powerful and informative tool for discovering and studying functions of genes controlling environmental adaptability and nutritional value. Tetraploid wheat species such as emmer wheat and Timopheevi wheat are the oldest cereal crops cultivated in various world areas long before the Christian era. Nowadays, these hulled wheat species are gaining new interest as donors for gene pools responsible for the improved grain yield and quality, tolerance for abiotic and biotic stress, resistance to pests and disease. The establishing of efficient gene transfer techniques for emmer and Timopheevi wheat may help in creation of modern polyploid wheat varieties. Results In the present study, we describe a robust protocol for the production of fertile transgenic plants of cultivated emmer wheat (Russian cv. ‘Runo’) using a biolistic delivery of a plasmid encoding the gene of green fluorescent protein (GFP) and an herbicide resistance gene (BAR). Both the origin of target tissues (mature or immature embryos) and the type of morphogenic calli (white or translucent) influenced the efficiency of stable transgenic plant production in emmer wheat. The bombardment of nodular white compact calluses is a major factor allowed to achieve the highest transformation efficiency of emmer wheat (on average, 12.9%) confirmed by fluorescence, PCR, and Southern blot. In the absence of donor plants for isolation of immature embryos, mature embryo-derived calluses could be used as alternative tissues for recovering transgenic emmer plants with a frequency of 2.1%. The biolistic procedure based on the bombardment of immature embryo-derived calluses was also successful for the generation of transgenic Triticum timopheevii wheat plants (transformation efficiency of 0.5%). Most of the primary events transmitted the transgene expression to the sexual progeny. Conclusion The procedures described here can be further used to study the functional biology and contribute to the agronomic improvement of wheat. We also recommend involving in such research the Russian emmer wheat cv. ‘Runo’, which demonstrates a high capacity for biolistic-mediated transformation, exceeding the previously reported values for different genotypes of polyploid wheat.

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“…Seed development is thus the result of a mosaic of different gene expression programs occurring in parallel in different compartments. Wu and group have developed a series of statistical models that can characterize the genetic effects on seed traits derived from the maternal genome, the offspring genome and material-offspring interactions [22–24,26,150,178,180]. Likewise, given that a tumor is supplied with nutrients from normal tissues, its growth should depend on an interactive effect of genes directly from the normal tissue and indirectly the tumor tissue [88].…”

Section: Modeling the Genetic Architecture Of Complex Traitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping complex traits as a dynamic system

Sun

2015

Physics of Life Reviews

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Despite increasing emphasis on the genetic study of quantitative traits, we are still far from being able to chart a clear picture of their genetic architecture, given an inherent complexity involved in trait formation. A competing theory for studying such complex traits has emerged by viewing their phenotypic formation as a “system” in which a high-dimensional group of interconnected components act and interact across different levels of biological organization from molecules through cells to whole organisms. This system is initiated by a machinery of DNA sequences that regulate a cascade of biochemical pathways to synthesize endophenotypes and further assemble these endophenotypes toward the end-point phenotype in virtue of various developmental changes. This review focuses on a conceptual framework for genetic mapping of complex traits by which to delineate the underlying components, interactions and mechanisms that govern the system according to biological principles and understand how these components function synergistically under the control of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) to comprise a unified whole. This framework is built by a system of differential equations that quantifies how alterations of different components lead to the global change of trait development and function, and provides a quantitative and testable platform for assessing the multiscale interplay between QTLs and development. The method will enable geneticists to shed light on the genetic complexity of any biological system and predict, alter or engineer its physiological and pathological states.

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Genetic dissection of complex endosperm traits

Cited by 10 publications

References 75 publications

A protocol of homozygous haploid callus induction from endosperm of Taxus chinensis Rehd. var. mairei

A protocol of homozygous haploid callus induction from endosperm of Taxus chinensis Rehd. var. mairei

A competence of embryo-derived tissues of tetraploid cultivated wheat species Triticum dicoccum and Triticum timopheevii for efficient and stable transgenesis mediated by particle inflow gun

Mapping complex traits as a dynamic system

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