Genetic dissection of grain iron concentration in hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) using a genome-wide association analysis method

Abstract

Iron (Fe) is an essential micronutrient of the body. Low concentrations of bioavailable Fe in staple food result in micronutrient malnutrition. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the most important global food crop and thus has become an important source of iron for people. Breeding nutritious wheat with high grain-Fe content has become an effective means of alleviating malnutrition. Understanding the genetic basis of micronutrient concentration in wheat grains may provide useful information for breeding for high Fe varieties through marker-assisted selection (MAS). Hence, in the present study, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were conducted for grain Fe. An association panel of 207 accessions was genotyped using a 660K SNP array and phenotyped for grain Fe content at three locations. The genotypic and phenotypic data obtained thus were used for GWAS. A total of 911 SNPs were significantly associated with grain Fe concentrations. These SNPs were distributed on all 21 wheat chromosomes, and each SNP explained 5.79–25.31% of the phenotypic variations. Notably, the two significant SNPs (AX-108912427 and AX-94729264) not only have a more significant effect on grain Fe concentration but also have the reliability under the different environments. Furthermore, candidate genes potentially associated with grain Fe concentration were predicted, and 10 candidate genes were identified. These candidate genes were related to transport, translocation, remobilization, and accumulationof ironin wheat plants. These findings will not only help in better understanding the molecular basis of Fe accumulation in grains, but also provide elite wheat germplasms to develop Fe-rich wheat varieties through breeding.

Molecular Mapping of Biofortification Traits in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Using a High-Density SNP Based Linkage Map

“…For instance, putative candidate gene i.e., P-loop containing nucleoside triphosphate hydrolase associated with grain zinc concentration was reported [25,63]. Similarly, putative candidate gene NAC domain associated with metal and nutrient remobilisation in grains was identified [54,71]. Another putative candidate gene i.e., Cytochrome 450 associated with high grain protein content in wheat lines derived from wild emmer wheat was identified [72].…”

Multivariate Genome-Wide Association Study of Concentrations of Seven Elements in Seeds Reveals Four New Loci in Russian Wheat Lines

“…For that reason, an ability to increase concentrations of different micronutrients, including elements widely used in the food industry in wheat and its products, is an important option to affect the current situation with micronutrient deficiency in the world. Many attempts were made to uncover genomic loci affecting lower or higher concentrations of certain elements [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18], such as Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn, and P.…”