Genetic Divergence and Dispersal of Yellow Fever Virus, Brazil

Vasconcelos, Pedro Fernando da Costa; Bryant, Juliet E.; Rosa, Amélia Paes de Andrade Travassos da; Tesh, Robert B.; Rodrigues, Sueli Guerreiro; Barrett, Alan D.T.

doi:10.3201/eid1009.040197

Cited by 112 publications

(120 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…23 Lineage 1D, which has emerged and circulated in Brazil since 1998 in the state of Pará (Northern Brazil), caused yellow fever epidemics until 2007. 15,16,19,20 It later gave rise to lineage 1E, which replaced it, as reported by Sousa et al 12 and Cardoso et al 2 …”

Section: Emergence Of a New Viral Lineagesupporting

confidence: 63%

“…20 Molecular evidence indicates that the emergence of this new genetic lineage follows a pattern described for several viruses with a "boom-and-bust cycle," where the current lineage originates from the previous lineage and replaces it. 23 Lineage 1D, which has emerged and circulated in Brazil since 1998 in the state of Pará (Northern Brazil), caused yellow fever epidemics until 2007.…”

Section: Emergence Of a New Viral Lineagementioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, people who are viremic or in an incubation period go to areas with high population densities of vectors/transmitters and vertebrate hosts. Once the virus is established in the area, an explosive viral transmission via vectors occurs among non-human primates without natural immunity, resulting in an almost total elimination of these monkey populations, which has been demonstrated in a molecular study with more than 70 strains of yellow fever virus isolated in Brazil 20 and in the recent epidemic registered in the states of Rio Grande do Sul and São Paulo. 12 Indeed, molecular analysis showed that yellow fever virus isolates from Marajó island in the Northern state of Pará 16 were identical to yellow fever viral strains found in Goiás and Bahia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…15 Since these two areas where infection probably occurred were more than 2,000 km apart ( Figure), viral spread through monkeys is not possible, and only viremic humans with oligosymptomatic or even asymptomatic infections could have carried these yellow fever virus strains. 20 Another way is illegal traffi c of wild animals. Animal traffi ckers are known to use illegal roads or means that are generally of more diffi cult access, which might lead to the introduction of the virus into areas where, when conditions are favorable, natural zoonotic transmission cycle may occur.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Yellow fever in Brazil: thoughts and hypotheses on the emergence in previously free areas

Vasconcelos

2010

Rev. Saúde Pública

120

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This article describes and discusses factors associated to the reemergence of yellow fever and its transmission dynamics in the states of São Paulo (Southeastern Brazil) and Rio Grande do Sul (Southern) during 2008 and 2009. The following factors have played a pivotal role for the reemergence of yellow fever in these areas: large susceptible human population; high prevalence of vectors and primary hosts (non-human primates); favorable climate conditions, especially increased rainfall; emergence of a new genetic lineage; and circulation of people and/or monkeys infected by virus. There is a need for an effective surveillance program to prevent the reemergence of yellow fever in other Brazilian states.

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Section: Emergence Of a New Viral Lineagesupporting

confidence: 63%

Section: Emergence Of a New Viral Lineagementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Yellow fever in Brazil: thoughts and hypotheses on the emergence in previously free areas

Vasconcelos

2010

Rev. Saúde Pública

120

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“…In Colombia, there is an enormous risk of receiving viruses from infected incoming travelers and a high probability of the co-circulation of flavivirus and yellow fever genotypes that are not detectable by routinely used molecular probes (3,8,10,(16)(17)(18)(19). No molecular epidemiology study of yellow fever has been performed in Colombia whose aim was to determine the genotype diversity that may result in misdiagnosis; therefore, the true number of cases may be higher than reported.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Desarrollo de un método de transcripción reversa seguida de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa para la detección del virus de la fiebre amarilla

et al. 2012

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Introduction. Yellow fever is considered a re-emerging disease and is endemic in tropical regions of Africa and South America. At present, there are no standardized or commercialized kits available for yellow fever virus detection. Therefore, diagnosis must be made by time-consuming routine techniques, and sometimes, the virus or its proteins are not detected. Furthermore, co-circulation with other flaviviruses, including dengue virus, increases the difficulty of diagnosis. Objective. To develop a specific reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and nested PCR-based assay to improve the detection and diagnosis of yellow fever virus using both serum and fresh tissue samples. Materials and methods. RT-PCR primers were designed to amplify a short fragment of all yellow fever virus genotypes reported. A second set of primers was used in a nested PCR to increase sensitivity. Thirty-three clinical samples were tested with the standardized reaction. Results. The expected amplicon was obtained in 25 out of 33 samples analyzed using this approach, and 2 more samples tested positive after a subsequent nested PCR approach. Conclusion. This improved technique not only ensures the specific detection of a wide range of yellow fever virus genotypes but also may increase the sensitivity of detection by introducing a second round of amplification, allowing a rapid differential diagnosis between dengue and yellow fever infection, which is required for effective surveillance and opportune epidemiologic measures.

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Detection of a new yellow fever virus lineage within the South American genotype I in Brazil

Souza

Foster

Sallum

et al. 2009

Journal of Medical Virology

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Nucleotide sequences of two regions of the genomes of 11 yellow fever virus (YFV) samples isolated from monkeys or humans with symptomatic yellow fever (YF) in Brazil in 2000, 2004, and 2008 were determined with the objective of establishing the genotypes and studying the genetic variation. Results of the Bayesian phylogenetic analysis showed that sequences generated from strains from 2004 and 2008 formed a new subclade within the clade 1 of the South American genotype I. The new subgroup is here designated as 1E. Sequences of YFV strains recovered in 2000 belong to the subclade 1D, which comprises previously characterized YFV strains from Brazil. Molecular dating analyses suggested that the new subclade 1E started diversifying from 1D about 1975 and that the most recent 2004-2008 isolates arose about 1985.

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Genetic Divergence and Dispersal of Yellow Fever Virus, Brazil

Abstract: Examining viral isolates collected over 66 years shows divergence into clades and potential dispersal by human migration.

Cited by 112 publications

References 29 publications

Yellow fever in Brazil: thoughts and hypotheses on the emergence in previously free areas

Yellow fever in Brazil: thoughts and hypotheses on the emergence in previously free areas

Desarrollo de un método de transcripción reversa seguida de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa para la detección del virus de la fiebre amarilla

Detection of a new yellow fever virus lineage within the South American genotype I in Brazil

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