Genetic diversity and drug susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a city with a high prevalence of drug resistant tuberculosis from Southeast of Mexico

Abstract

Background Mexico is on the top five countries with the highest number of TB cases in America continent, nevertheless, information about genotypes circulating is practically unknown. Considering the above this study aims to characterize the genetic diversity of TB in the city of Veracruz, México. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among positive smear samples from patients living in Veracruz City, samples were cultured, and first-line drug profiles determined. Genotyping was made by spoligotyping and MIRU-VNTR 24 loci. Associations of lineages, clusters, and variables were also analyzed. Results Among the 202 isolates analyzed resistance to at least one drug was observed in 60 (30%) isolates and 41(20%) were multidrug-resistant. Three major lineages were identified: L4/Euro-American (88%), L1/Indo-Oceanic (9%), and L2/East Asian (3%). The Euro-American lineage included more than six sublineages, the most abundant were: H (32%), T (23%), LAM (18%), and X (12%). 140 isolates (70%) were placed in 42 SITs patterns. Conclusions These results provide the first baseline data on the genetic structure of TB in the city of Veracruz. Sublineages H, X and LAM were predominant; however, it was founded an important diversity of genotypes that could contribute to the dispersion of TB and explain the high prevalence. This information might be useful for the development of further interventions to reduce impact of TB.

Phenotypic and Genotypic Drug Resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Strains Isolated from HIV-Infected Patients from a Third-Level Public Hospital in Mexico

“…The sublineages obtained of the drug-resistant M. tuberculosis strains were T, LAM, X, H (Lineage 4), EAI (Lineage 1), and Beijing (Lineage 2). These sublineages have been described in Mexico as part of the genetic diversity of M. tuberculosis [ 46 ]. The lineage that appeared most frequently in our results was Lineage 4, with different resistance phenotypes, this lineage has been associated with a high rate of MDR strains [ 47 ].…”

SNPs in genes related to the repair of damage to DNA in clinical isolates ofM. tuberculosis: a transversal and longitudinal approach

“…With regard to the diversity of M. tuberculosis observed in the state of Veracruz, the prevalence of Euro-American (L4) lineages of TB in Mexico has been documented since the last decade[40]. However, the incidence of lineage X (L4.1.1 and L4.1.1.3) increased in the region, from ∼13 % (2012-2021)[41,42], to the 42 % reported in this study. This is of concern given the high frequency of drug resistance in lineage L4.1.1.3 previously identified in this [43,44] and other regions[45].…”

Whole-Genome Sequencing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates from Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis

“…A more granular analysis of the WGS to identify genetic features of the pan-genomes of the isolates from DM vs. non-DM TB patients may reveal features associated with DM or non-DM patients. Table 5 shows studies determining lineages and spoligotypes distributed across the world and specifically in India [ 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 ]. An overview of various studies conducted in different regions around the world to determine the predominant lineages and spoligotypes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis , offers valuable insights into the distribution and diversity of the strains in different populations, and also raises several points for critical discussion.…”