Genetic diversity and genome-wide association analysis of pine wood nematode populations in different regions of China

Abstract

IntroductionPine wilt disease (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) was recently detected in Liaoning Province, which was previously considered an unfavourable area for B. xylophilus due to its low temperatures. This study aims to compare the reproductivity and genetic variations of B. xylophilus isolates from Liaoning Province and other parts of China to explore their phenotypic and genomic differences.MethodsThe samples from Liaoning, Anhui, Hubei, Henan, Zhejiang and Jiangsu were isolated and purified to obtain the strains. The reproductivity of the strains was determined at 15 °C. The genetic structure was analyzed by using SNP molecular markers, and the whole genome association analysis was carried out by integrating SNP information and feculence traits.ResultsA reproductivity experiment showed that Liaoning isolates have higher reproductive ability at 15 °C. Subsequent SNP profiling and population differentiation analysis revealed obvious genetic differentiation of Liaoning isolates from other isolates. A genome-wide association study showed that SNPs closely related to low-temperature tolerance were mainly located in GPCR, Acyl-CoA, and Cpn10, which are responsible for adaptation to environmental factors, such as temperature change.DiscussionPine wood nematodes likely adapted to the climate in Liaoning and maintained a certain reproductive capacity at low temperature via variants of adaptation-related genes. This study provides a theoretical basis for elucidating the prevalence and diffusion status of B. xylophilus in China.

Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus in Guangdong, Guangxi, and Jiangsu Provinces in China

“…Previous studies on the adaptation and evolution of PWN after its invasion into China have primarily focused on differences between northern and southern regions, particularly regarding genes related to low-temperature tolerance in newly infected northern areas [40]. These studies have mostly involved genome-wide analysis [41], as well as differences in virulence expression [42] and fecundity [41]. However, there have been no reports conducting a selective sweep analysis of adaptive evolution following the invasion of PWNs in China.…”