Genetic diversity and genotype multiplicity of Plasmodium falciparum infection in patients with uncomplicated malaria in Chewaka district, Ethiopia

Abamecha, Abdulhakim; El-Abid, Hassan; Yilma, Daniel; Addisu, Wondimagegn; Ibenthal, Achim; Bayih, Abebe Genetu; Noedl, Harald; Yewhalaw, Delenasaw; Moumni, Mohiéddine; Abdissa, Alemseged

doi:10.21203/rs.2.24526/v3

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…The K1-type for msp-1 and FC27-type for msp-2 were the most predominant alleles. These ndings are consistent with data previously reported in Madagascar [11] and in different settings such as Africa (Nigeria [15,22], Congo Brazzaville [25], Mauritania [26], Benin [27], Gabon [28,29], Ivory Coast [30], Cameroon, [31], Ethiopia [32][33][34][35]), India [36] or Southeast Asia [37]. However, they contrast with recent reports from Myanmar [38] that showed that MAD20 and 3D7 were the most prevalent alleles.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Genetic Diversity of Plasmodium Falciparum Populations in three Malaria Transmission Settings in Madagascar

Ralinoro

Rakotomanga

Rakotosaona

et al. 2021

Preprint

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BackgroundThe assessment of the genetic diversity of Plasmodium falciparum parasites from various malaria transmission settings could help to define tailored and dedicated local strategies for malaria control and elimination. To date, this information is scarce in Madagascar. To fill this gap, a study aiming at investigating the genetic diversity of P. falciparum populations in three epidemiological facies (Equatorial, Tropical and Fringes) in Madagascar was conducted.MethodsTwo hundred sixty-six P. falciparum isolates were obtained from patients with uncomplicated malaria enrolled in clinical drug efficacy studies conducted in health centers at Tsaratanana (Equatorial facies), Antanimbary (Tropical facies) and Anjoma Ramartina (Fringes) in 2013 and 2016. Parasite DNA was extracted from blood samples collected prior antimalarial treatment. Plasmodium species were identified by nested-PCR targeting 18S rRNA gene. The genetic profiles of P. falciparum parasites were defined by assessing the polymorphic regions of the msp-1 and msp-2 genes using allele-specific nested-PCR.ResultsA total of 58 alleles were detected for msp-1 (18 alleles) and msp-2 (40 alleles) among P. falciparum samples tested. K1 (62.9%, 139/221) and FC27 (69.5%, 114/164) were the most predominant msp-1 and msp-2 allelic families, although the proportions of the msp-1 and msp-2 alleles varied significantly between sites. Polyclonal infections were more frequent in site located in the Equatorial facies (69.8%) compared to sites in the Tropical facies (60.5%) and Fringes (58.1%). Population genetic measures showed that the genetic diversity was similar between sites and the parasite flow within sites was limited.ConclusionThis study provides recent information on the genetic diversity of P. falciparum populations in three transmission facies in Madagascar and valuable baseline data to further evaluate the impact of the control measures implemented in Madagascar.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Genetic Diversity of Plasmodium Falciparum Populations in three Malaria Transmission Settings in Madagascar

Ralinoro

Rakotomanga

Rakotosaona

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…Several studies have investigated the genetic diversity of P. falciparum in endemic regions in Africa, South America and Asia [15][16][17], including a few studies from Ethiopia [18][19][20][21]. Most of these studies were conducted in moderate to high trasmision settings and showed high genetic diversity and MOI.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic polymorphisms of Plasmodium falciparum isolates from Melka-Werer, North East Ethiopia based on the merozoite surface protein-2 (msp-2) gene as a molecular marker

Mohammed

Assefa

Chernet

et al. 2021

Malar J

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Background The characterization of parasite populations circulating in malaria endemic areas is necessary to evaluate the success of ongoing interventions and malaria control strategies. This study was designed to investigate the genetic diversity of Plasmodium falciparum isolates from the semi-arid area in North East Ethiopia, using the highly polymorphic merozoite surface protein-2 (msp2) gene as a molecular marker. Methods Dried blood spot isolates were collected from patients with P. falciparum infection between September 2014 and January 2015 from Melka-Werer, North East Ethiopia. Parasite DNA was extracted and genotyped using allele-specific nested polymerase chain reactions for msp2. Results 52 isolates were collected with msp2 identified in 41 (78.8%) isolates. Allele typing of the msp2 gene detected the 3D7/IC allelic family in 54% and FC27 allelic family in 46%. A total of 14 different msp2 genotypes were detected including 6 belonging to the 3D7/IC family and 8 to the FC27 family. Forty percent of isolates had multiple genotypes and the overall mean multiplicity of infections (MOI) was 1.2 (95%CI 0.96–1.42). The heterozygosity index was 0.50 for the msp2 locus. There was no difference in MOI between age groups. A negative correlation between parasite density and multiplicity of infection was found (p = 0.02). Conclusion Plasmodium falciparum isolates from the semi-arid area of North East Ethiopia are mainly monoclonal with low MOI and limited genetic diversity in the study population.

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“…Individuals living in areas of high malaria transmission intensity can concurrently be infected with multiple and genetically distinct clones of P. falciparum resulting in MOI (Kidima & Nkwengulila, 2015;Sondén et al, 2015). Genetically diverse and multiple P. falciparum infections occur in both asymptomatic (Abamecha et al, 2020) and symptomatic (Soulama et al, 2009) malaria patients. P. falciparum genetic diversity and MOI enhance parasite virulence, malaria pathology and evasion of the immune response (Jensen, Adams, & Hviid, 2020;Josling & Llinás, 2015;Sondo et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review Protocol to Establish Plasmodium Falciparum Genetic Diversity, Multiplicity of Infection, Genotyping Approaches, and Methods of Reporting It in Africa.

Mwesigwa¹,

Nankabirwa²,

Nsobya³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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BackgroundP. falciparum is the most important Plasmodium species that causes high malaria morbidity and mortality. The distribution of diverse and multiple P. falciparum infections is a major setback to the control and eventual elimination of malaria globally. Little efforts have been made to systematically establish P. falciparum genetic diversity and multiplicity of infection (MOI) in African settings. Additionally, the choice of an effective P. falciparum genotyping approach for a specific endemic setting remains a challenge. The review aims to establish P. falciparum genetic diversity MOI, genotyping approaches, and methods of reporting it in Africa. This will aid the evaluation of the impact of malaria control interventions and development of new control strategies.MethodsThe review will consider Randomized Clinical Trials (RCTs), Quasi-experiments, Cross-sectional studies, Cohort and Case-control studies about P. falciparum genetic diversity and MOI. A literature search will be conducted in PubMed, Google scholar and MEDLINE databases for articles published from January 2010 to December 2020. Articles will be screened using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Risk of bias in RCTs will be assessed using Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool while New Castle Ottawa tools will be used to assess the risk of bias in observational studies. Publication bias will be assessed using a funnel plot as well as Begg and Mazumdar's rank correlation test or Egger's test. The Higgins I2 statistic and Galbraith plots will be used to assess heterogeneity. A meta-regression analysis will be performed to explain the low heterogeneity. DiscussionThe findings from the study will enhance our understanding of the distribution and dynamics of P. falciparum genetic diversity and MOI. This will provide insights to the changing landscape of malaria transmission and evaluation of malaria control interventions. Findings will also serve as baseline data for future studies on parasite population structure and antimalarial drug resistance surveillance across African countries.

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Genetic diversity and genotype multiplicity of Plasmodium falciparum infection in patients with uncomplicated malaria in Chewaka district, Ethiopia

Cited by 4 publications

References 39 publications

Genetic Diversity of Plasmodium Falciparum Populations in three Malaria Transmission Settings in Madagascar

Genetic Diversity of Plasmodium Falciparum Populations in three Malaria Transmission Settings in Madagascar

Genetic polymorphisms of Plasmodium falciparum isolates from Melka-Werer, North East Ethiopia based on the merozoite surface protein-2 (msp-2) gene as a molecular marker

A Systematic Review Protocol to Establish Plasmodium Falciparum Genetic Diversity, Multiplicity of Infection, Genotyping Approaches, and Methods of Reporting It in Africa.

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