Genetic diversity and its conservation implications ofVitex rotundifolia(Lamiaceae) populations in East Asia

Abstract

Vitex rotundifolia is an important coastal and medicinal plant, and is recorded in the List of the Important Wild Plants for Conservation in China and Japan. However, an effective conservation strategy is lacking. In the present study, the genetic diversity and population structure were analyzed using phylogeographical methods based on the trnH-psbA and trnG-trnS intergenic spacers of the chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) sequences from 157 individuals from 25 sampling sites for V. rotundifolia and V. trifolia plus the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of the nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) sequences of 177 individuals from 27 sampling sites. The results showed that V. rotundifolia and V. trifolia had eight cpDNA and two nrDNA haplotypes, respectively, and the V. rotundifolia has a low level of genetic diversity (haplotype diversity hd,cp = 0.360, hd,nr = 0.440), a more pronounced genetic differentiation among populations (population differentiation at the species level (GST) = 0.201, population differentiation at the allele level (NST) = 0.462), and an insignificantly different phylogeographical structure (NST > GST, P > 0.05). In addition, haplotype network analyses indicated that V. rotundifolia and V. trifolia have distinct haplotypes. Divergence dating based on BEAST software analyses showed that most cpDNA clades diverged in the late Pleistocene era. Demographic analysis indicated that V. rotundifolia underwent a rapid demographic expansion. Some scientific strategies are suggested for resource conservation of V. rotundifolia based on its genetic diversity and population structure.

Phylogenetic analysis of Neottia japonica (Orchidaceae) based on ITS and matK regions

“…These phylogenetic topologies suggest that the populations of N. japonica in Korea originated from China's mainland and island. A characterizing regional gene differences could provide useful preliminary data that can later be confirmed with molecular phylogeographic studies (Xie et al, 2012;Sun et al, 2019). On the other hand, the auricle character is not reflected by both of results.…”

Spatial Scale Patterns of Genetic Diversity and Gene Flow in Populations of Sweet Detar (Detarium microcarpum Guill. & Perr.; Fabaceae)

“…In order to establish the phylogenetic relationship within populations of D. microcarpum with a quanti cation of gene ow in its populations, the program PermutCpSSR_1.2.1 (Pons & Petit, 1996) was used to calculate the level of population differentiation at the species level (G ST ), and an estimate of population subdivisions for phylogenetically ordered alleles (N ST ). G ST and N ST are often used to assess the geographical structure affecting population differentiation (Sun et al 2019…”

Comprehensive identification of Vitex trifolia fruit and its five adulterants by comparison of micromorphological, microscopic characteristics, and chemical profiles

“…(Fam. Verbenaceae), is mainly distributed in the coastal areas of East Asia (Sun et al, 2019). In China, VTF has been used as a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for the treatment of cold and various pain symptoms such as headache, migraine, toothache, and rheumatism for more than a 1000 years (Park et al, 2014; Rani & Sharma, 2013).…”