Genetic Diversity and New Lineages of Dengue Virus Serotypes 3 and 4 in Returning Travelers, Germany, 2006–2015

Abstract

During 2006–2015, we analyzed 70 dengue virus (DENV) strains isolated from febrile travelers returning to Germany. High genetic diversity, including multiple co-circulating DENV lineages and emerging new lineages of DENV-3 and DENV-4, was demonstrated. Our passive surveillance system based on returning travelers yielded substantial information on DENV diversity.

Dengue viruses circulating in Indonesia: A systematic review and phylogenetic analysis of data from five decades

“…Between 2008 and 2012, however, DENV‐1 become the dominant serotype in most Indonesian regions (Table ). Data of traveller‐associated dengue from Australia, Taiwan, Germany, and Romania support this finding. A comprehensive study conducted in Surabaya found that the serotype shift from DENV‐2 to DENV‐1 occurred in late 2008 .…”

“…A full assessment of the 120 references resulted in the exclusion of 53 references due to the following: full texts were unavailable, and the available abstracts did not include adequate information to satisfy our outcome, the full text did not include adequate or complete serotype data, and nonstandard methods were used for serotyping. This resulted in 67 eligible studies, of which 13 references were from national journals . An additional 11 studies were included from reference list .…”

“…In total, 78 eligible studies were included for DENV serotype analysis . Of all the eligible studies, four studies were conducted based on mosquito isolates while the remaining studies assessed DENV isolates from human samples . Sixty two studies investigated dengue cases among local inhabitants of Indonesia,…”

“…DENV‐1 Genotype I was first isolated in Indonesia in 2006 and quickly became the most frequently isolated DENVs in Indonesia. Genotype I viruses have been sampled over a wide geographical range, not only in regions of Java Island, but also in Bali, Jambi, Makassar, and Manado . Since its first detection in Indonesia, Genotype I has frequently been reported to cocirculate with Genotype IV in several regions in the country …”

“…Our group has previously conducted studies relating to the molecular epidemiology of dengue in several major Indonesian cities, including Bali, Jakarta, Jambi, Makassar, Semarang, Sukabumi, Surabaya, and Purwokerto . Similar studies have also been conducted in other regions of Indonesia, with local inhabitants or travellers returning from Indonesia . Although these studies have been important for determining DENV serotypes, genotypes, and lineages circulating in Indonesia, the data reported represent only single cities or sites at a particular time and fail to provide a comprehensive picture of circulating DENV throughout Indonesia over time.…”