Genetic Diversity and Pathogenicity Analysis of Sphaceloma ampelinum Causing Grape Anthracnose in Thailand

Abstract

Anthracnose is one of the major diseases affecting grape (Vitis vinifera L.) cultivars in Thailand. Isolates of Sphaceloma ampelinum, the anamorph stage of Elsinoe ampelina, were collected from various regions of Thailand. Nineteen single-conidial isolates were evaluated for differences in conidial morphology, DNA patterns and pathogenicity. These isolates could not be unambiguously distinguished based on conidial morphology; however, they were genetically differentiated using random amplified polymorphic DNA markers. Cluster analysis by the unweighted paired grouped mean arithmetic average classified these isolates into four groups. Pathogenicity analysis using nine grape genotypes and five S. ampelinum isolates showed that ÔWilcox321Õ and ÔIllinois547-1 were highly resistant to all isolates, suggesting their usefulness as resistant sources in future breeding programmes.

Phylogeny and taxonomy of the scab and spot anthracnose fungus Elsinoë (Myriangiales, Dothideomycetes)

“…Notes : This fungus was commonly known as the causal agent of grapevine anthracnose [or grapevine spot anthracnose – as recommended by Jenkins (1947)], which appeared to be of European origin and causes heavy losses in various grape-growing countries throughout the world, requiring chemical control – particularly where grapes are grown under humid conditions (de Bary, 1874, Shear, 1929, Amorim and Kuniyuki, 2005, Poolsawat et al., 2010, Carisse and Morissette-Thomas, 2013). de Bary (1874) described this species as Sphaceloma ampelinum , and Shear (1929) described the sexual morph as Elsinoë ampelina , having hyaline, 3-septate ascospores, 15–16 × 4–4.5 μm.…”

Phylogeny, morphology and pathogenicity of Elsinoë ampelina, the causal agent of grapevine anthracnose in Brazil and Australia

“…() in Thailand. In another study in Thailand, conidia measured 4.51–5.12 × 1.74–1.85 μm and no difference in conidial size was observed among E. ampelina isolates from different regions (eastern, northern, north‐eastern and western) (Poolsawat et al., ).…”

“…In previous studies, morphological features were used partially to characterize E. ampelina (Poolsawat et al., ; Schilder et al., ; Sompong et al., ; Yun et al., ). In this study, cultural and conidial features from Brazilian and Australian isolates also offered substantial information to support the species identification.…”

“…The disease originated in Europe from where it spread around the world (Agrios, ). Historically, the disease has been reported in Australia, Brazil, Canada, India, New Zealand, Thailand and the United States (Brook, ; Carisse & Lefebvre, ; de Castella & Brittlebank, ; Mortensen, ; Pedro Júnior, Pezzopane, & Martins, ; Poolsawat, Tharapreuksapong, Wongkaew, Reisch, & Tantasawat, ; Suhag & Grover, ). In Brazil, the first reports of anthracnose occurred after the introduction of American cultivars around 1840 (Sousa, ).…”

Morphological characterization and optimization of conditions for conidial production of Elsinoë ampelina, the causal organism of grapevine anthracnose

“…Grape anthracnose is one of the most destructive diseases in table and wine grape cultivars. The disease has been observed in several parts of the world, including vineyards in New Zealand, Canada, USA, China, Japan, Thailand, Brazil, and Australia (Gregory, ; Kono et al., ; Plocher & Parke, ; Poolsawat, Tharapreuksapong, Wongkaew, Reisch, & Tantasawat, ; Santos, Ciampi‐Guillardi, Amorim, Massola Júnior, & Spósito, ; Suhag & Grover, ; Wang, Liu, He, Lamikanra, & Lu, ). Common symptoms of anthracnose include small necrotic spots on young leaves, petioles, stems, and fruits that enlarge to become sunken lesions with grey or dark centres (Thind, ).…”