Genetic Diversity and Phenetic Relationships of Genus Oxalis in Korea Using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) Markers

Abstract

We evaluated the phenetic relationships within six taxa of genus Oxalis L. in Korea with random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Ten primers produced 125 bands for six taxa, and the mean number of bands per primer was 12.5. Across the six taxa, 121 (96.8%) bands were polymorphic, and only four were monomorphic. The mean number of RAPD phenotypes across the six taxa varied from 3.6 (O. stricta and O. corymbosa) to 4.8 (O. corniculata for. rubrifolia). In a simple measure of intraspecies variability according to the percentage of polymorphic bands, O. stricta and O. corymbosa exhibited the lowest variation (28.8%), and O. corniculata for. rubrifolia showed the highest (38.4%). A mean of 32.7% of the loci was polymorphic within taxa. The total interspecies genetic diversity (HT) and intraspecies genetic diversity (HS) was 0.362 and 0.122, respectively. On a per-locus basis, the proportion of total genetic variation due to differences among species (GST) was 0.663. This indicates that about 66.3% of the total variation was among species. The node of O. stricta and O. corniculata for. rubrifolia was strongly supported, with a high bootstrap value in the NJ tree and sistered with O. corniculata. According to RAPD analysis, the number of chromosomes was not congruent with a phenetic relationship.

Phylogeography, genetic diversity and population structure in a Patagonian endemic plant

“…To evaluate population variability and to perform hypotheses about genetic patterns we also explored molecular markers data. The low level of polymorphism among populations (26 %) of O. laciniata revealed by ISSR markers are in agreement with previous studies performed in other species using other markers, for example 22 % using RAPD in O. acetosella , O. corniculata , O. corymbosa, O. obtriangulata , O. stricta ( Huh and Choi 2014 ) and 10 % using AFLP in O. tuberosa and allies ( Tosto and Hopp 2000 ). In addition, the Nei estimator results in an F ST of less than 0.50, which indicates that more than a half of genetic differentiation occurred within populations.…”

“…The relatively high level of genetic diversity in O. laciniata compared with other Oxalis species such as O. tuberosa and allies ( Tosto and Hopp 2000 ; Emshwiller et al 2009 ) and O. acetosella , O. corniculata , O. corymbosa , O. obtriangulata , O. stricta ( Huh and Choi 2014 ) could be a result of many factors such as breeding system, seed dispersal, genetic drift, evolutionary history as well as life form. In general, long-lived and out crossing species tend to be more genetically diverse ( Hamrick and Godt 1996 ).…”

“…In order to study genetic diversity and variability in the genus Oxalis , different techniques using molecular markers were used: to propose the origin of domestication and polyploidy in Oxalis tuberosa using ITS data ( Emshwiller and Doyle 1998 ), AFLP ( Tosto and Hopp 2000 ; Emshwiller et al 2009 ); and ncp GS data ( Emshwiller and Doyle 2002 ); to assess a model of bulb evolution using nr ITS and trn L–F ( Oberlander et al 2009 ); to propose the diversification of the American bulb-bearing Oxalis using ITS, psb J– pet A, trn L –trn F and trn T –trn L ( Gardner et al 2012 ); to explore distribution models and a dated phylogeny for Chilean Oxalis using rbc L, trn L– trn F, psb A– trn H, trn S– trn G and ITS ( Heibl and Renner 2012 ); to propose a molecular phylogeny and chromosome evolution among Oxalis sections Corniculatae and Ripariae ( Vaio et al 2013 , 2016 ); and to investigate genetic diversity and phenetic relationships within Oxalis species in Korea using RFLP ( Huh and Choi 2014 ). However, there are no previous studies on the variability and genetic diversity in any species of section Palmatifoliae in which O. laciniata is included.…”