Genetic diversity and population structure of the endangered orchid Pelatantheria scolopendrifolia (Orchidaceae) in Korea

Abstract

Due to substantial population decline, the Korean orchid P . scolopendrifolia is considered endangered and highly threatened. Like many endangered species, it is vulnerable to biological and anthropogenic threats that can lead to the loss of genetic diversity and, ultimately, extinction. Therefore, the assessment of genetic diversity and population genetic structure is imperative for conservation. In this study, we newly developed 15 polymorphic microsatellite markers. Analyses of genetic diversity and population genetic structure that included 182 samples from 11 populations were conducted using microsatellite markers and four noncoding regions of chloroplast DNA. Our study revealed a relatively low level of genetic diversity ( Ho = 0.529, He = 0.356), albeit harboring with private alleles based on microsatellite genotyping data, and high haplotype diversities based on chloroplast DNA sequences data. The results of STRUCTURE and PCoA based on microsatellite genotyping data showed population differentiations. An AMOVA based on chloroplast DNA sequence data further corroborated these conclusions, indicating about 70% of variations found among populations. Low genetic diversity and divergence among the population might have been caused by factors, such as asexual reproduction, demographic events (bottleneck and population expansion), geographic isolation, and low gene flow. The development and implication of conservation strategies and management of P . scolopendrifolia are proposed based on these results.

The genetic diversity and population structure of two endemic Amazonian quillwort (Isoetes L.) species

“…A high degree of genetic differentiation among populations accounted for approximately 54% of the total genetic diversity (G ST = 0.544, AMOVA, P=45%), so both withinpopulation diversity and diversity among populations contributed significantly to the total diversity of the species. Other species also showed high diversity among populations, such as Argania spinosa L. Skeels (Mouhaddab et al, 2017), Brasenia schreberi (Li et al, 2018), and Pelatantheria scolopendrifolia (Yun et al, 2020). Yun et al (2020) showed that geographic isolation, low gene flow and asexual reproduction were related to the high divergence among Pelatantheria scolopendrifolia populations.…”

Molecular analysis of Taro and Bali cattle using cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) in Indonesia

“…The relationship between Taro and Bali cattle showed that inbreeding had been in existence in the village forest decades ago. Therefore, the greater the variety of haplotype composition in one population, the greater the genetic diversity (Thomas et al 2012;Akbar et al 2014;Yang et al 2019;Yun et al 2020).…”

Genetic Diversity of Bak-Kala (Etlingera Elatior (Jack) R.M. Sm.) in Aceh Province, Indonesia

“…These results indicate that the genetic diversity of bak-kala is relatively low. Genetic diversity is declared high if it has a Shannon index value and diversity close to 1 (Morris et al, 2014;Silva et al, 2015;Yun et al, 2020). The percentage of polymorphic loci (% P) varied between 16.68%-49.35%, with a mean of 27.92%.…”

“…The recent results indicated that ISSR markers can be used and helpful in recognizing the genetic diversity in bak-kala (E. elatior), and the study also recorded the highest genetic diversity and polymorphisms in bak-kala populations. Information on genetic diversity patterns is essential for designing conservation, management, and sustainable use strategies for plant species (Chung et al, 2013;Liu et al, 2019;Yun et al, 2020). Efforts that need to be made, so that the genetic resources of the future generations continue to grow, are by using an ex-situ conservation approach.…”