Genetic Diversity and Population Structure in Türkiye Bread Wheat Genotypes Revealed by Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) Markers

Abstract

Wheat genotypes should be improved through available germplasm genetic diversity to ensure food security. This study investigated the molecular diversity and population structure of a set of Türkiye bread wheat genotypes using 120 microsatellite markers. Based on the results, 651 polymorphic alleles were evaluated to determine genetic diversity and population structure. The number of alleles ranged from 2 to 19, with an average of 5.44 alleles per locus. Polymorphic information content (PIC) ranged from 0.031 to 0.915 with a mean of 0.43. In addition, the gene diversity index ranged from 0.03 to 0.92 with an average of 0.46. The expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.00 to 0.359 with a mean of 0.124. The unbiased expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.00 to 0.319 with an average of 0.112. The mean values of the number of effective alleles (Ne), genetic diversity of Nei (H) and Shannon’s information index (I) were estimated at 1.190, 1.049 and 0.168, respectively. The highest genetic diversity (GD) was estimated between genotypes G1 and G27. In the UPGMA dendrogram, the 63 genotypes were grouped into three clusters. The three main coordinates were able to explain 12.64, 6.38 and 4.90% of genetic diversity, respectively. AMOVA revealed diversity within populations at 78% and between populations at 22%. The current populations were found to be highly structured. Model-based cluster analyses classified the 63 genotypes studied into three subpopulations. The values of F-statistic (Fst) for the identified subpopulations were 0.253, 0.330 and 0.244, respectively. In addition, the expected values of heterozygosity (He) for these sub-populations were recorded as 0.45, 0.46 and 0.44, respectively. Therefore, SSR markers can be useful not only in genetic diversity and association analysis of wheat but also in its germplasm for various agronomic traits or mechanisms of tolerance to environmental stresses.

Identification and Analysis of Candidate Genes Associated with Yield Structure Traits and Maize Yield Using Next-Generation Sequencing Technology

“…Using methods proposed by Baird et al [30], in the first step, the DNA template was digested with Ape KI, Pst I, and Msp I restriction enzymes to reduce genome complexity. The original GBS method used a single Ape KI enzyme (Elshire et al [31]), and later, the method was expanded to include two additional enzymes: one infrequent cutter, Pst I, in combination with a frequent genomic DNA cutter, i.e., Msp I (Poland & Rife, [32]). Such an approach enabled the creation of a homogeneous library and the detection of most fragments associated with the infrequent cutting enzyme.…”

Revealing Genetic Diversity and Population Structure in Türkiye’s Wheat Germplasm Using iPBS-Retrotransposon Markers

“…The examination of genetic diversity in plants assumes a pivotal role in plant genetics, breeding, conservation, and evolution [10]. To effectively leverage existing gene resources in wheat breeding, a comprehensive understanding of these resources' properties, coupled with targeted breeding experiments, is essential [11].…”

Genetic diversity analysis and DNA fingerprinting of primary Qingke (Hordeum vulgare L. var. nudum Hook. f.) cultivars

“…The main methods for detecting SSR-labeled fragments are polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and capillary electrophoresis (MCE) (Elumalai and Srinivasan 2023). They have been successfully applied to construct fingerprint profiles in sweet potato (Luo et al 2023), Chimonanthus (Li et al 2023), azuki bean (Vigna angularis), mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) (Zhao et al 2022), wheat (Türkoğlu et al 2023), and Amomum villosum (Li et al 2022). However, this has not yet been reported for Qingke.…”