Genetic diversity and structure of native maize races from Northwestern Mexico

Abstract

-The objective of this work was to evaluate the genetic diversity of nine maize races (Zea mays ssp. mays) from Northwestern Mexico and one population of teosinte of the Balsas race (Zea mays ssp. parviglumis). A total of 649 alleles were identified, with an average of 20.9 alleles per locus using 31 microsatellite loci; 84.3% of them were polymorphic loci with a 0.49 expected heterozygosity. Graphic representation of principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) showed broad variation and population distribution. The highest probabilistic value obtained with the ∆K criterion confirmed the existence of five population groups clustered by the Bayesian model. This grouping coincided with the population distribution observed in the PCoA graph. Maize races examined retain broad genetic diversity among and within the evaluated populations.Index terms: Zea mays, conservation strategies, landraces, microsatellites, plant breeding. Diversidade genética e estrutura das raças de milho nativo do Noroeste do MéxicoResumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a diversidade genética de nove raças de milho (Zea mays ssp. mays) do Noroeste do México e uma população de teosinto da raça Balsas (Zea mays ssp. parviglumis). Foram identificados 649 alelos, uma média de 20,9 alelos por locus, utilizando 31 loci microssatélites. Desses, 84,3% eram polimórficos e apresentaram heterozigosidade esperada de 0,49. A representação gráfica da análise de fatores principais (PCoA) mostrou ampla variação e distribuição populacional. O maior valor probabilístico obtido com o critério ΔK confirmou a existência dos cinco grupos populacionais agrupados com o modelo bayesiano. Esse agrupamento coincide com a distribuição populacional observada no gráfico PCoA. As raças de milho examinadas apresentam ampla diversidade genética entre e dentro das populações avaliadas.Termos para indexação: Zea mays, estratégias conservacionistas, raças nativas, microssatélites, melhoramento vegetal.

Molecular markers and GGE biplot analysis for selecting higher‐yield and drought‐tolerant maize hybrids

“…On another hand, in the current study lower allele number of 58 was recorded as compared with other studies (Adu, Awuku, et al, 2019;Vega-Alvarez et al, 2017) who detected 288 alleles and 649 alleles, respectively. Legesse et al (2007) investigated lower allele number of 14 alleles.…”

Diversity Assessment of the Montenegrin Maize Landrace Gene Pool Maintained in Two Gene Banks

“…In relation to CLs V and II, an opposite spatial distribution was found for the CL IV and I accessions ( Figure 4 and Figure 6 ); this is in line with findings of Vega-Alvarez et al [ 43 ], that geographic origin affected population differentiation and dispersion. These landraces have been cultivated along the Albanian border, and similar to CL I of white maize landraces, their distribution corresponds to the territory inhabited by ethnic Albanians and Bosniaks.…”

Estimation of Genetic Diversity in Seven Races of Native Maize from the Highlands of Mexico

“…In other classic studies, Cervantes, Goodman, Casas and Rawlings [4] used genetic effects and the interaction genotype × environment, while Sánchez, Goodman and Rawlings [5] involved the effects of the interaction genotype × environment along with stability parameters, which enabled to classify individuals more precisely into discrete units [6], although these parameters may not necessarily provide reliable information on possible phylogenetic relationships [7]. More recently, molecular tools, such as simple sequence repeats of DNA (SSRs) have been applied in studies of maize landraces [8][9][10][11][12], and the data and findings have added substantially to understanding maize evolution and diversification.…”

“…Some classification work on Mexican maize landraces has been based on phenetic analysis, using morphological traits [12,13], in combination, in some instances, with isozyme allelic frequencies [14,15], and combinations of morphological traits, isozymes and microsatellites have also been used [16]. Morphological and agronomic characterization has been very useful for the study and assessment of genetic resources; however, morphological and agronomic traits are attributes that may or may not be inherited and may be controlled by one or multiple genes [17].…”