Genetic diversity at major histocompatibility complex and its effect on production and immune traits in indigenous chicken breeds of India

Abstract

Abstract. The genetic diversity at major histocompatibility complex (MHC) in indigenous chicken breeds of India (Ghagus and Nicobari) in comparison with the White Leghorn (WLH) breed was investigated by genotyping the MHC-linked LEI0258 marker. Altogether 38 alleles and 96 genotypes were observed among three breeds. The observed and effective alleles were highest in Ghagus (23, 8.3) followed by Nicobari (14, 3.2) and WLH (10 and 2.2) breeds. The size of alleles ranged from 193 to 489 bp in Ghagus, 193 to 552 bp in Nicobari and 241 to 565 bp in the WLH breed. The number of private alleles was also highest in Ghagus (18) followed by Nicobari (8) and WLH (5) breeds. The most frequent allele was 261 bp in WLH (66 %), 343 bp in Nicobari (50.4 %) and 309 bp in the Ghagus (28.15 %) breed. Observed and expected heterozygosities were highest in Ghagus (0.83, 0.88) followed by Nicobari (0.58, 0.68) and WLH (0.53, 0.54). The genetic distance (Nei) between Ghagus and Nicobari breeds (2.24) was higher as compared to that of Ghagus and WLH (1.23) and that between Nicobari and WLH breeds (0.89). Association analysis revealed significant influence of MHC alleles on body weight, egg production in Ghagus and WLH breeds and antibody titres to Newcastle disease vaccine in the Nicobari breed.

Genetic Diversity Analysis of Class Ii MHC in Indigenous Poultry- A Comparison With Commercial Breed

“…Compared to the present result very low genetic identity was reported between White Leghorn and KNC white of Korea as well as Ghagus and Nicobari Haunshi et al, 2020;Manjula et al, 2021). The Nei's original measure of genetic distance between Tellicherry and broiler was estimated to be 0.1958 and Nei's unbiased measure of genetic distance to be 0.1718.…”

“…The Nei's original measure of genetic distance between Tellicherry and broiler was estimated to be 0.1958 and Nei's unbiased measure of genetic distance to be 0.1718. Compared to this result very high genetic distance was reported between White Leghorn and KNC white of Korea as well as Ghagus and Nicobari (Thakur et al, 2017;Haunshi et al, 2020;Manjula et al, 2021). At the same time based on polymorphism analysis with SNP chip data close relationship with Korean KNC with Rhode Island Red and Cornish was revealed (Manjula et al, 2021).…”

“…The broiler has been under intensive selection and breeding for economic traits for several generations showed lower heterozygosity at MHC loci. Sri Lankan Karuwalagsewa, Nigerian, Bangladeshi, Tanzanian Chunya as well as Msimbazi and Indian Kadaknath as well as Ghagus had higher or similar MHC heterozygosity (Thakur et al, 2017;Manjula et al, 2021;Mwambene et al, 2019;Haunshi et al, 2020). At the same time Dahlem red, Nicobari and White Leghorn populations had low heterozygosity compared to Tellicherry (Thakur et al, 2017;Haunshi et al, 2020).…”

“…Sri Lankan Karuwalagsewa, Nigerian, Bangladeshi, Tanzanian Chunya as well as Msimbazi and Indian Kadaknath as well as Ghagus had higher or similar MHC heterozygosity (Thakur et al, 2017;Manjula et al, 2021;Mwambene et al, 2019;Haunshi et al, 2020). At the same time Dahlem red, Nicobari and White Leghorn populations had low heterozygosity compared to Tellicherry (Thakur et al, 2017;Haunshi et al, 2020). In addition to the potential for improvement, heterozygotes have a better chance for adaptation and survival under The fraction of identical genes in two groups is known as genetic identity.…”

Genetic Diversity of the Major Histocompatibility Complex by Using Lei0258 Microsatellite Marker Associated With Productive Performance and Viral Diseases in Broiler Breeders

“…As mentioned in many studies, alleles of LEI0258 had a significant positive association with LBW of Tanzanian native chickens (Lwelamira et al, 2008). In addition, a positive correlation was observed between LEI0258 alleles and LBW recorded at 4 and 8 weeks of age in Indian breeds (Haunshi et al, 2020). However, a negative correlation with LBW at 8 and 12 weeks of age was stated in Iranian chickens (Nikbakht and Esmailnejad, 2015), and with LBW at 7 weeks of age (Ewald et al, 2007).…”