Genetic diversity between faba bean hybrids in relation to heterosis using molecular and agronomic data

Abstract

Vicia faba L. is the most important nutrient crop in Egypt and many countries around the world. Seeds of faba bean contain high percent of protein and carbohydrates. Seeds are used in variety forms in different meals in developing countries. Faba bean crop belong to leguminous family which have 12 pair of chromosomes. Molecular breeding strategies that integrate the latest innovations in genetics and genomics with traditional breeding strategies have many potential applications for future faba bean cultivar development (Moose & Mumm, 2008). Genetic diversity is considered the indispensable base for achieving the diverse aims of plant genetic improvement (Tiwari, 2017). Different molecular marker techniques are used in faba bean to detect the genetic variability between different genotypes like RFLP, SSR, AFLP and RAPD. The broad applicability of molecular tools in conventional faba bean breeding will remain a topic of debate (Goodman, 2004). Molecular characterization of genetic diversity by RAPD markers allow to understand the genetic relationship among the elite lines and aid to make the choice of superior parents for G ENETIC diversity was examined in relation to heterosis. Five Egyptian faba bean cultivars were crossed in a full diallel mating system to produce twenty hybrids. The multivariate analysis of diversity based on six characters related to productivity indicated the existence of considered genetic diversity and showed genotypes into five clusters by two methods analysis of genetic distances based on RAPD analysis and Euclidean distances based on mean values of studied agronomy traits. Parents and their F1 hybrids were distributed into different clusters. Results of the RAPD technique by using five primers showed a great extent of significant variations with 67.59% polymorphism percent and a high number of unique bands. Sakha 1 and Giza 843 cultivars have a good effect on most studied traits in their hybrids. H13, H17 and H18 are a superiority hybrids; it has high positive significant values of heterosis percentage over mid parents for all yield and yield components traits. While H19 and H20 hybrids have positive significant heterosis for all studied traits except 100 seeds weight.

Generation Mean Analysis, Heterosis, and Genetic Diversity in Five Egyptian Faba Beans and Their Hybrids

“…Among the factors affecting the Egyptian faba bean breeding are agricultural, environmental, and economic conditions, and the geographical area. It is important to identify novel re-combinations and ultimate combining ability, which have been shown to be of great help in the development of breeding techniques [10][11][12][13]. The use of conventional breeding is necessary in order to promote yield stability and quantity, and to improve resistance against stressors.…”

“…In addition, estimations of heritability and the extent of genetic variability for various attributes are quite valuable in identifying the best descendants. Therefore, breeders should analyze the existing germplasms' potential for novel re-combinations and their ultimate combining abilities, which have been shown to be of great help in the development of breeding techniques [10][11][12][13].…”