Genetic diversity does not explain variation in extra‐pair paternity in multiple populations of a songbird

Liu, Irene A.; Johndrow, James E.; Abe, J.; Lüpold, Stefan; Yasukawa, Ken; Westneat, David F.; Nowicki, Steve

doi:10.1111/jeb.12644

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…Sampling methods followed Liu et al (2015): Adults were bled from the brachial vein using sterile 26G 9 ½ in. BD PrecisionGlide needles, blood was collected onto Whatman FTA bloodstain cards treated with 1 M EDTA, and adults were banded with USFWS and color bands.…”

Section: Field Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We compare our estimates of allelic diversity, observed and expected heterozygosity, and the inbreeding coefficient with those in Berg et al (2010)'s conservation genetics analysis of 11 Tricolored Blackbird populations. We also compare allelic diversity, Shannon diversity, and expected heterozygosity with previously studied populations of 2 Agelaius congeners, Red-winged Blackbirds (A. phoeniceus) and Yellow-Shouldered Blackbirds, (A. xanthomus), that span a gradient of genetic diversity (Liu 2015;Liu et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Red-winged Blackbird populations comprised 2 continental populations and one island population. As continental populations are genetically indistinguishable from each other (Ball et al 1988;Liu et al 2015), we used the 2 populations in Liu et al (2015) We used the bootstrap resampling approach described in Liu et al (2015) to estimate sample-size-adjusted population allelic diversity, Shannon diversity, and expected heterozygosity across the 5 populations. For each population, we used custom scripts in R 3.1.3 (J. Johndrow personal communication; R Core Team 2015) to take 1000 resamples and calculate the 3 measures for each resample.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the curves do not give statistical information, they show whether sampling was sufficient to capture population allelic diversity. For each population, we ran 100 repetitions using a stepwise increase of one individual up to that population's sample size of adults, as in Liu et al (2015).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These populations have the highest levels of genetic diversity and effective population sizes of all the reference populations (Pennsylvania, Ne ~430; Michigan, Ne ~infinity, either due to sampling error or a truly large population size not experiencing loss of heterozygosity) (Liu 2015). The third population was a sedentary population of Red-wingedBlackbirds on Grand Bahama Island, sampled in 2011, which had lower genetic diversity and a lower effective population size (Ne ~300) than the continental populations(Liu et al 2015;Liu 2015). The population of Yellow-shouldered Blackbirds, an endangered island endemic, was sampled in Puerto Rico in 2012.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Low genetic diversity in a population of Tricolored Blackbird (Agelaius tricolor), a species pending Endangered status

Liu

Meese²

2020

Preprint

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The Tricolored Blackbird (Agelaius tricolor) is a colonial songbird, found almost exclusively in California, whose total population size has sharply declined over the past century. It is currently under review to be listed as Endangered under both the California and U.S. Endangered Species Acts. Here we assess the genetic diversity of a breeding population in California's Central Valley, comparing our findings with previously sampled conspecific and congeneric populations. First, we genotyped 50 adults at 9 microsatellite loci in our focal population and estimated allelic and Shannon diversity, observed and expected heterozygosity, and the inbreeding coefficient (FIS). Second, we compared our results to those of the one existing study on Tricolored Blackbird conservation genetics and found that levels of allelic diversity and heterozygosity in our focal population were similar to those of 11 previously studied populations. Unlike the earlier study, which found moderately high mean inbreeding coefficients, we detected no evidence of inbreeding in our focal population. Third, we used 7 of the 9 loci to compare the genetic diversity of our focal population with populations of 2 previously sampled Agelaius congeners. We found that allelic diversity, Shannon diversity, and expected heterozygosity in our Tricolored Blackbird population were most similar to those of an isolated Red-winged Blackbird (A. phoeniceus) population in the Bahamas. We discuss possible reasons for the different results from the conspecific study, outline why the collective findings from both studies support the need for protective measures, and urge conservation action to maintain existing genetic diversity and gene flow before ongoing population losses lead to adverse fitness consequences.

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Section: Field Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Low genetic diversity in a population of Tricolored Blackbird (Agelaius tricolor), a species pending Endangered status

Liu

Meese²

2020

Preprint

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Female loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta L.) rarely remate during nesting season

Lasala

Wyneken

2019

Ecology and Evolution

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The goal of this study was to assess the consequences of single versus multiple paternity by identifying paternity of clutches per female to identify whether there were detectable costs or benefits. Multiple mating can occur when the benefits of mating outweigh the costs, but if costs and benefits are equal, no pattern is expected. Previous research on loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) populations found male‐biased breeding sex ratios and multiple mating by many females nesting in southwestern Florida. A sample of nesting loggerhead females who laid more than one nest over the course of the season and a subset of their hatchlings were examined from 36 clutches in 2016 on Sanibel Island, Florida. Males that fathered hatchlings in the first clutch sampled were identified in subsequent clutches. Interestingly, 75% of the females analyzed had mated singly. No male was represented in more than one female's clutches. The results suggest that females likely mate at the beginning of the season and use stored sperm for multiple clutches. Evidence for mating between laying events was limited. There was no consistent pattern across the subsequent multiple paternity clutches, suggesting benefits to loggerhead females likely equal their costs and subsequent mating is likely determined by female preference.

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Testing the strength and direction of selection on vocal frequency using metabolic scaling theory

Francis

Wilkins

2021

Ecosphere

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A major challenge for studies assessing drivers of phenotypic divergence is the statistical comparison of taxa with unique, often unknown, evolutionary histories, and for which there are no clear expected trait values. Because many traits are fundamentally constrained by energy availability, we suggest that trait values predicted by scaling theories such as the metabolic theory of ecology (MTE) can provide baseline expectations. Here, we introduce a metabolic scaling-based approach to test theory involving the direction and magnitude of ecological and sexual selection, using vocal frequency as an example target of selection. First, we demonstrate that MTE predicts the relationship between the natural log of body size and natural log of vocal frequency across 795 bird species, controlling for phylogeny. Family-wide deviations in slope and intercepts from MTE estimates reveal taxa with potentially important differences in physiology or natural history. Further, species-level frequency deviations from MTE expectations are predicted by factors related to ecological and sexual selection and, in some cases, provide evidence that differs from current understanding of the direction of selection and identity of ecological selective agents. For example, our approach lends additional support to the findings from many cross-habitat studies that suggest that dense vegetation selects for lower frequency signals. However, our analysis also suggests that birds in non-forested environments vocalize at frequencies higher than expected based on MTE, prompting intriguing questions about the selective forces in non-forest environments that may act on vocal frequency. Additionally, vocal frequency deviates more strongly from MTE expectations among species with smaller repertoires and those with low levels of sexual dichromatism, complicating the use of these common sexual selection surrogates. Broad application of our metabolic scaling approach might provide an important complementary approach to understanding how selection shapes phenotypic evolution by offering a common baseline across studies and taxa and providing the basis to explore evolutionary trade-offs within and among multicomponent and multimodal traits.

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Genetic diversity does not explain variation in extra‐pair paternity in multiple populations of a songbird

Cited by 15 publications

References 91 publications

Low genetic diversity in a population of Tricolored Blackbird (Agelaius tricolor), a species pending Endangered status

Low genetic diversity in a population of Tricolored Blackbird (Agelaius tricolor), a species pending Endangered status

Female loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta L.) rarely remate during nesting season

Testing the strength and direction of selection on vocal frequency using metabolic scaling theory

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