Genetic Diversity, Genotype Discrimination, and Population Structure of Mexican Opuntia sp., Determined by SSR Markers

Samah, Samir; Pardo, Claudia Verónica De Teodoro; Cruz, Miguel Ángel Serrato; Valadez-Moctezuma, Ernestina

doi:10.1007/s11105-015-0908-4

Cited by 37 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The resolution of molecular techniques is not high enough to find genetic differences between different Opuntia species. For example, Samah et al [ 81 ], using 88 accessions and 13 SSR markers, found significant genetic differences between O . robusta and two groups: one of them constituted by O .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

First description of extrafloral nectaries in Opuntia robusta (Cactaceae): Anatomy and ultrastructure

et al. 2018

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To our knowledge, there are no studies about the structure and ecological function of extrafloral nectaries (EFNs) in Opuntia robusta. This is the first description of EFNs in O. robusta, where young spines have an interesting structure and a secreting function, which are different from EFNs described in other Cactaceae species. We used light, scanning-electron, and transmission-electron microscopy to examine morphology, anatomy, and ultrastructure of the secretory spines in areoles in female and hermaphrodite individuals of O. robusta. Young cladodes develop areoles with modified and secretory spines as EFNs only active during the early growth phase. EFNs are non-vascularized structures, with no stomata, that consist of a basal meristematic tissue, a middle elongation region, and an apical secretory cone formed by large globular epidermal cells, containing nectar and medullar elongated cells. We observed the presence of Golgi apparatus, vesicles and plastids in the medullar and sup-epidermal cells of the spine. We propose that the nectar is stored in the globular cells at the apex of the spine and secreted by breaking through the globular cells or by pores. We recorded a more frequent presence of ants on younger cladode sprouts producing young secreting spines: this result is parallel with the predictions of Optimal Defense Hypothesis, which states that younger plant organs should be better defended than older ones because their loss produces a higher fitness impairment. Although Diaz-Castelazo’s hypothesis states that a more complex structure of EFNs correlates with their lower among-organs dispersion, comparing to less complex EFNs, non-vascularized structure of EFNs in O. robusta is not associated with their higher among-organs dispersion likened to O. stricta, which produces vascularized EFNs. We provide evidence that this characteristic is not a good taxonomic feature of Opuntia genus. Moreover, the comparison of EFNs of O. robusta and O. stricta suggests that the hypothesis of Diaz-Castelazo should be revised: it is rather a rule but not a law.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

First description of extrafloral nectaries in Opuntia robusta (Cactaceae): Anatomy and ultrastructure

et al. 2018

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“…The use of morphological descriptors comprising cladode, flower and fruit traits yielded a high number of morphotypes and allowed the discrimination of all of the studied species. In previous studies, the discrimination level was found to be as high as those reported by other studies using molecular markers for Opuntia spp (Labra et al 2003, García-Zambrano et al 2006, Zoghlami et al 2007, García-Zambrano et al 2009, Caruso et al 2010, Majure et al 2012, El-Banna et al 2013, Valadez-Moctezuma et al 2014, Ganopoulos et al 2015, Samah et al 2016.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Polymorphism analysis in some Algerian <em>Opuntia</em> species using morphological and phenological UPOV descriptors

Hadjkouider¹,

Boutekrabt²,

Lallouche³

et al. 2017

Bot. Sci.

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Background: In the present study, we have investigated the morphological variation in a set of five Opuntia species from the Algerian steppes using 49 UPOV descriptors. Questions: Which of the 49 descriptors that can be used as powerful estimators of the phenotypic diversity within Opuntia species? How is the morphological diversity patterned in Algerian Opuntia? Species study/ Mathematical model: Opuntia ficus-indica, Opuntia amycleae, Opuntia streptacantha, Opuntia engelmannii, Opuntia robusta. Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis were used. Study site: Four counties were studied located in the Algerian steppes. The present research was carried out during 2014. Methods: 49 descriptors adopted by the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV) were employed in the present research, where cladode, flower and fruit traits were used to determine the overall degree of polymorphism among 5 Opuntia species. Results: Principal Component Analysis and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis indicated a consistent differentiation between all studied species. The relative magnitude of the first two PCA eigenvectors showed that 8 descriptors out of 49 were identified as the most important descriptors for the classification of the species. The dendrogram performed on the calculated Euclidean distances between all species pairs allowed the identification of 3 groups, unlike the PCA that identified 4 groups. The species Opuntia ficus-indica and Opuntia amycleae were identified as very close morphologically. Conclusions:The present outcome represents a paramount step towards the fast selection of interesting species and for their best management and conservation. Key words: Opuntia, diversity, multivariate analyses, clustering, UPOV. ResumenAntecedentes: En el presente estudio, hemos investigado la variación morfológica en un conjunto de cinco especies de Opuntia de las estepas argelinas utilizando 49 descriptores UPOV. Preguntas: ¿Cuáles de los 49 descriptores que pueden ser utilizados como estimadores poderosos de la diversidad fenotípica dentro de las especies de Opuntia? ¿Cómo se modela la diversidad morfológica en el Opuntia Argelina? Especie en estudio/ Modelo matemático: Opuntia ficus-indica, Opuntia amycleae, Opuntia streptacantha, Opuntia engelmannii, Opuntia robusta. Análisis de Componentes Principales (PCA) y un Análisis de Agrupamiento Jerárquico fueron usados Sitio de estudio y fechas: Se estudiaron cuatro condados situados en la estepa argelina. La presente investigación se realizó durante el año 2014. Métodos: En la presente investigación se utilizaron 49 descriptores adoptados por la Unión Internacional para la Protección de las Obtenciones Vegetales (UPOV), en los que se utilizaron características de cladodio, flor y fruto para determinar el grado global de polimorfismo entre 5 especies de Opuntia. Resultados: Se aplicó un análisis multivariado, constituido por un análisis de componentes principales (PCA) y un análisis de agrupamiento jerárquico, cuyo...

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“…According to Samah and Valadez-Moctezuma (2014), the absence of pulp and the presence of an edible pericarp and small seeds are the most significant morphological differences between prickly pears and xoconostles. However, no clear separation between xoconostles and prickly pears has been found using RAPD and ISSR markers , biochemical markers (seed storage proteins), or SSR markers (Samah et al, , 2016. In addition, Espinoza Sánchez et al (2014) did not find any tendency of separation between these two types of fruit using AFLP markers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Genetic divergence between Mexican Opuntia accessions inferred by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis

Samah

Valadez-Moctezuma

et al. 2016

Genet. Mol. Res.

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ABSTRACT. Molecular methods are powerful tools in characterizing and determining relationships between plants. The aim of this study was to study genetic divergence between 103 accessions of Mexican Opuntia. To accomplish this, polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of three chloroplast intergenic spacers (atpB-rbcL, trnL-trnF, and psbA-trnH), one chloroplast gene (ycf1), two nuclear genes (ppc and PhyC), and one mitochondrial gene (cox3) was conducted. The amplified products from all the samples had very similar molecular sizes, and there were only very small differences between the undigested PCR amplicons for all regions, with the exception of ppc. We obtained 5850 bp from the seven regions, and 136 fragments were detected with eight enzymes, 37 of which (27.2%) were polymorphic. We found that 40% of the fragments from the chloroplast regions were polymorphic, 9.8% of the bands detected in the nuclear genes were polymorphic, and 20% of the bands in the mitochondrial locus were polymorphic. trnL-trnF and psbA-trnH were the most variable regions. The Nei and Li/Dice distance was very short, and ranged from 0 to 0.12; indeed, 77 of the 103 genotypes had the same genetic profile. All the xoconostle accessions (acidic fruits) were grouped together without being separated from three genotypes of prickly pear (sweet fruits). We assume that the genetic divergence between prickly pears and xoconostles is very low, and question the number of Opuntia species currently considered in Mexico.

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Genetic Diversity, Genotype Discrimination, and Population Structure of Mexican Opuntia sp., Determined by SSR Markers

Cited by 37 publications

References 48 publications

First description of extrafloral nectaries in Opuntia robusta (Cactaceae): Anatomy and ultrastructure

First description of extrafloral nectaries in Opuntia robusta (Cactaceae): Anatomy and ultrastructure

Polymorphism analysis in some Algerian <em>Opuntia</em> species using morphological and phenological UPOV descriptors

Genetic divergence between Mexican Opuntia accessions inferred by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis

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