Genetic Diversity in Colonizing Parthenogenetic Cockroaches

Parker, E. Davis; Selander, Robert K.; Hudson, Robert O.; Lester, L. James

doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.1977.tb01076.x

Cited by 80 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Separate clonal lines may evolve, each of which is adapted to one particular ecological niche, if such niches are stable (frozen niche model). In contrast, clonally reproducing organisms exposed to frequent changes in their environment respond by the evolution of so called general-purpose genotypes, selected on the basis of their adaptability to a variety of niches (Parker et al, 1977 ;Whittam et al, 1983 ;Tibayrenc & Ayala, 1988 ;Fox et al, 1996 ;Hermanutz & Weaver, 1996 ;Jacobsen & Forbes, 1997 ;Semlitsch et al, 1997). In the case of C. albicans the duration for which it can occupy a particular niche on a particular patient is limited by the lifespan of the patient and physiological changes of the patient which may alter that niche.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for a general-purpose genotype in Candida albicans , highly prevalent in multiple geographical regions, patient types and types of infection

et al. 1999

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Epidemiological studies, using the probe Ca3, have shown that in a given patient population a single cluster of genetically related Candida albicans isolates usually predominates. The authors have investigated whether these local clusters are part of a single group, geographically widespread and highly prevalent as an aetiological agent of various types of candidiasis. An unrooted neighbour-joining tree of 266 infection-causing C. albicans isolates (each from a different individual) from 12 geographical regions in 6 countries was created, based on genetic distances generated by Ca3 fingerprinting. Thirty-seven per cent of all isolates formed a single genetically homogeneous cluster (cluster A). The remainder of isolates were genetically diverse. Using the maximum branch length within cluster A as a cut-off, they could be divided into 37 groups, whose prevalence ranged between 0.3% and 9%. Strains from cluster A were highly prevalent in all but one geographical region, with a mean prevalence across all regions of 41%. When isolates were separated into groups based on patient characteristics or type of infection, strains from cluster A had a prevalence exceeding 27% in each group, and their mean prevalence was 43% across all patient characteristics. These data provide evidence that cluster A constitutes a general-purpose genotype, which is geographically widespread and acts as a predominant aetiological agent of all forms of candidiasis in all categories of patients surveyed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for a general-purpose genotype in Candida albicans , highly prevalent in multiple geographical regions, patient types and types of infection

et al. 1999

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“…The latter species, generally considered as aggressive, has the potential to strongly compete and negatively impact local gecko populations (Case et al 1994). The Niau kingfisher also widely consumes the cosmopolitan Dyctioptera Pycnoscelus surinamensis, Blatella germanica and Periplaneta australasiae, probably more recently introduced in the Tuamotu, at least partly from South Asia (Cochereau 1966;Parker et al 1977). It is worth noting that the kingfisher likely shifted its nesting and foraging habits with the development and intensification of copra farming on the island, from patches previously dominated by the native palm tree (Pritchardia mitiaroana) to areas widely planted with the cryptogenic coconut tree on which this bird currently depends (Coulombe et al 2011;Thibault and Cibois 2017).…”

Section: First Reliable Data On Niau Kingfisher Feeding Ecologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Stuck amongst introduced species: Trophic ecology reveals complex relationships between the critically endangered Niau kingfisher and introduced predators, competitors and prey

Zarzoso-Lacoste¹,

Bonnaud²,

Corse³

et al. 2019

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The introduction of mammals on oceanic islands currently threatens or has caused the extinction of many endemic species. Cats and rats represent the major threat for 40 % of currently endangered island bird species. Direct (predation) and/or indirect (exploitative competition for food resource) trophic interactions are key mechanisms by which invaders cause the decrease or extinction of native populations. Here, we investigated both direct and indirect trophic interactions amongst four predator species (i.e. animals that hunt, kill and feed on other animals), including three introduced mammals (Felis silvestris catus, Rattus rattus and A peer-reviewed open-access journal NeoBiotaDiane Zarzoso-Lacoste et al. / NeoBiota 53: 61-82 (2019) 62Rattus exulans) and one critically endangered native bird, the Niau kingfisher (Todiramphus gertrudae). All four species' diets and prey availability were assessed from sampling at the six main kingfisher habitats on Niau Island during the breeding season. Diet analyses were conducted on 578 cat scats, 295 rat digestive tracts (218 R. exulans and 77 R. rattus) and 186 kingfisher pellets. Despite simultaneous use of morphological and PCR-based methods, no bird remains in cat and rat diet samples could be assigned to the Niau kingfisher, weakening the hypothesis of current intense predation pressure. However, we determined that Niau kingfishers mainly feed on introduced and/or cryptogenic prey and highlighted the potential for exploitative competition between this bird and both introduced rat species (for Dictyoptera, Coleoptera and Scincidae). We recommend removing the cats and both rat species, at least within kingfisher breeding and foraging areas (e.g. mechanical or chemical control, cat sterilisation, biosecurity reinforcement), to simultaneously decrease predation risk, increase key prey availability and boost kingfisher population dynamics.

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“…It is probable that the predictability of human-associated habitats facilitated the evolution of the parthenogenetic strains in Blattaria. Interestingly, Pycnoscelus surinamensis, a pan-tropical blaberid, is a multiclonal form composed of many genotypes that are successful invaders of domicile habitats (Parker et al, 1977). Its presumed ancestor, P. indicus, is bisexual, but is restricted to outdoor tropical habitats.…”

Section: (C) Life-history Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Its presumed ancestor, P. indicus, is bisexual, but is restricted to outdoor tropical habitats. Parker et al (1977) suggest that multi-clonal forms are phenotypically more flexible than bisexual forms, thus increasing the probability of colonizing areas where several habitat types are available.…”

Section: (C) Life-history Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioural Ecology of Cockroaches*

1984

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Summary 1. Cockroaches are ubiquitous in most habitats where insects occur. Although most reports on cockroaches are physiological in nature, sufficient information is available to indicate that forest, desert, and cave‐dwelling cockroaches select microhabitats on the basis of finely resolved environmental preferences. This is particularly true for oviparous females which select specific substrates for oviposition and embryogenesis. Selection and diel movements between microhabitats are related to diel changes in micrometeorological profiles and predation, feeding, and enhancement of sexual communication. 2. With some exceptions oviparous species live in wooded habitats; ovoviviparous species tend to occur in protected environments such as caves and logs. Oviparous species are exposed to greater predation, parasitism, and environmental pressures during embryogenesis than are ovoviviparous species, where internal incubation and some parental care reduce these risks. Most ovoviviparous species produce larger clutches, but the interval between broods is significantly longer than in oviparous species. Long gestation, clumping of food resources, and relatively little movement probably selected for male control of resources as a mate‐attraction tactic in ovoviviparous species; agonistic interactions, and in some cases morphological specializations for fighting, and highly ritualized behaviours are common. In most oviparous species, volatile pheromone communication and resource‐based aggregations are common. Rapid ovarian cycles and patchily distributed nutritional resources result in the need for greater mobility, and hence adults encounter greater risks.

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Genetic Diversity in Colonizing Parthenogenetic Cockroaches

Cited by 80 publications

References 24 publications

Evidence for a general-purpose genotype in Candida albicans , highly prevalent in multiple geographical regions, patient types and types of infection

Evidence for a general-purpose genotype in Candida albicans , highly prevalent in multiple geographical regions, patient types and types of infection

Stuck amongst introduced species: Trophic ecology reveals complex relationships between the critically endangered Niau kingfisher and introduced predators, competitors and prey

Behavioural Ecology of Cockroaches*

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