Genetic Diversity of Bat Rotaviruses

Abstract

Rotaviruses are the most common cause of diarrhea in children and animals. Bats are considered reservoirs of many viruses with zoonotic impact worldwide. Rotaviruses have been detected in bats and many of those strains that have been identified globally share high homology with rotavirus strains identified in animals and humans, demonstrating that roles are being created in interspecies transmission and genetic rearrangement in a large number of occasions, which is producing rotavirus genetic diversity. The current effort to characterize strains of rotavirus in bats would help expand knowledge about the great genetic diversity of rotaviruses and could also suggest a bat origin for several unusual rotavirus strains detected in humans and animals. This is a review of the different strains of rotavirus that have been detected in bats globally, where bats have been identified as a possible zoonotic potential in the transmission of rotavirus to animals and humans; and possible anthropozoonosis events are revealed.

Group a Rotavirus Detection in Calves and Piglets from Honduras and Panama

“…However, G3, G4, G5, G9 and G11 were historically considered the most common G genotypes in swine and were usually associated with P [ 5], P [6], P [7], P [13] and P [28] [12]. In the present study, the bovine genotypes (VP7) G2, G6, G8, G10, and P (VP4) P [1], P [2], P [4], P [6], and P [11] were identified. These results coincide with findings detected in Costa Rica [1], Brazil [12,13], Uruguay [14] Argentina [15], and other countries of the world [12,16], where high frequencies of these genotypes are reported, considered, as well as, frequent and of epidemiological importance in cattle and pigs.…”

“…There is evidence that animal rotaviruses can infect humans, either by direct transmission of the virus or by contributing one or several RNA segments that can reassort with human strains [5]. Genotyping of RVs is important to assess, whether vaccine efficacy might be altered by the changing pattern of the distribution of different genotypes, since there is strong evidence for the emergence of new strains through natural reassortment between rotaviruses among different species [5,6]. In Costa Rica, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama and the Dominican Republic we have performed characterizations of rotavirus strains in children, reporting common and unusual genotypes [7,8].…”

“…In samples from Honduras, consensus gene sequence related to external group A RV protein was detected with a pair of consensus primers for VP7 (9con1-9con2) or VP4 (4con2-4con3) genes [9,10]. Reaction products of the first RV PCR were genotyped by heminested multiplex-PCR with two sets of specific primers for the G1-G5, G9 and P [4], P [6], P [8] and P [9] types described by Gentsch et al [9] and Das et al [10], with modification by Leite et al [11]. The samples from Panama underwent the RT-PCR G (VP7) and P (VP4) technique described by [1].…”

“…In Honduras, Group A RV was found in 6 out of 100 (6%) fecal specimens collected from diarrheic piglets and in 9 out of 75 (12%) diarrheic calves. Among isolates of porcine and bovine group A rotaviruses, different genotypes: 3 (4%) G2P [6], and 2(2%) G2 P [4] were detected in calves and G4 P [6] 4(5%) were detected in piglets. In Panama, out of the 157 isolates of bovine (calves) samples, a total of 139 were ELISA positive for rotavirus an/d 87 samples were amplified for detection of G (VP7) and P (VP4) genotype, identifying the combinations: 63 (72%) corresponding to G10 P [2], 12 (13%) to G8 P [11], 9 (10%) to G6 P [11] and 3 (3%) to G10 P [1].…”

“…Regarding P (VP4) bovine genotypes reported frequently worldwide, there are: P [1], P [5] and P [11] [1,2,3];on the other hand, twelve G genotypes (G1 to G6, G8 to G12, and G26) and 16 P genotypes (P [1] to P [8], P [11], P [13], P [19], P [23 ], P [26], P [27], P[32], and P[34]) of RVA, have been associated with pigs [12]. However, G3, G4, G5, G9 and G11 were historically considered the most common G genotypes in swine and were usually associated with P [ 5], P [6], P [7], P [13] and P [28] [12]. In the present study, the bovine genotypes (VP7) G2, G6, G8, G10, and P (VP4) P [1], P [2], P [4], P [6], and P [11] were identified.…”