Genetic Diversity of Castor Bean (Ricinus communis L.) Revealed by ISSR and RAPD Markers

Abstract

Castor (Ricinus communis L.), known as castor oil plant or castor bean, is a non-edible oilseed crop. In the present study, the genetic diversity among 54 samples (3 wild and 51 cultivated) collected worldwide was evaluated using inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSRs) and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. A total of 9 ISSR primers produced 83 high-resolution bands with 61 (74.53%) as polymorphic. The percentage of polymorphic bands per primer and the genetic similarity coefficient ranged from 54.55% (UBC-836) to 100% (UBC-808) and from 0.74 to 0.96, respectively. A total of 11 out of 20 RAPD primers amplified unique polymorphic products with an average percentage of polymorphic bands of 60.98% (56 polymorphic bands out of a total of 90 bands obtained). The percentage of polymorphic bands per primer ranged from 25% (OPA-02 and B7) to 90.91% (B21) with the genetic similarity coefficient ranging from 0.73 to 0.98. The unweighted pair group method with arithmetic averages (UPGMA) dendrogram using two molecular markers divided 54 castor genotypes into three groups. Furthermore, based on morphological data, all 54 castor varieties were grouped into three main clusters. The genetic diversity analysis based on two molecular makers showed that most varieties from China were closely related to each other with three varieties (GUANGDONGwild, ZHEJIANGWild, and HANNANWild) belonging to a wild group separated from most of the cultivated castor samples from China, India, France, and Jordan. These results suggested that the cultivated castor contains a narrow genetic base. Accordingly, we recommend that wild castor genetic resources be introduced for breeding novel castor varieties. Furthermore, the Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia, and Nigeria accessions were clustered into the same group. The results of principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and UPGMA cluster analysis were consistent with each other. The findings of this study are important for future breeding studies of castor.

Genetic diversity analysis among 123 accessions of castor (Ricinus communis L.) using SSR marker and its association to agronomic traits

“…Muraguri et al (2020) analyzed the genetic diversity of castor collection from Africa, China, and India using variation in castor chloroplast genomes. Kim et al (2021) used ISSR and RAPD markers to examine the genetic diversity of global castor germplasm. The research used either a world germplasm collection or a collection from a single country.…”

“…Castor germplasm accessions showed a variation in morphological and agronomic characters (Rukhsar et al 2018;Wahibah et al 2020). Besides variation on phenotypic traits, some genetic diversity analysis using molecular markers have been reported, such as Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) (Senthilvel et al 2016), Sequence Related Amplified Polymorphism (SRAP) (Agyenim-boateng et al 2019), Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR), and Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) (Kim et al 2021). SSR markers have advantages compared to other molecular markers.…”

Morphological, Genetic Characterization, and Chemical Analysis of Castor Bean ( Ricinus communis ) Growing in Riyadh Saudi Arabia

“…However, studying genetic diversity based on morphological and geographical features alone is ineffective due to the strong influence of environmental complexity and the genetic responses of plants. Recently, many stable and efficient molecular markers have been developed and used to analyze genetic diversity in castor beans, such as (SSR) Single Sequence Repeat, (AFLP) Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism, (RFLP)Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism, and(SNPs) Single Nucleotide Polymorphism [19,20], which is why genetic programs were used to improve castor beans and develop elite lines, now that some of these strains have evolved and morphological types have emerged differently. This study aims to investigate genetic diversity and chemical analysis of castor bean (Ricinus communis) growing in Riyadh Saudi Arabia.…”

Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Capirona (Calycophyllum spruceanum Benth.) from the Peruvian Amazon Revealed by RAPD Markers

“…They have been used to differentiate cultivars and also on genetic mapping [19][20][21]. Although some researchers have shown reservations regarding the usefulness of RAPD, basically due its poor reproducibility [22,23], other studies mentioned that RAPD can be employed for genetic analyses [24][25][26][27][28]. Additionally, other studies demonstrated a high level of reproducibility [29].…”