Genetic Diversity of Coffee Genotypes Using Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) Markers

Abstract

Coffee plays an important role in the global economy, human health and society. It is one of the major cash crops constituting the backbone of the Nigerian economy before the emergence and re-emergence of petroleum oil. Molecular markers are reliable and valuable tool for analyzing polymorphism, screening and selection of desirable genotypes in breeding programs. The study aimed at determining the genetic diversity among coffee genotypes. Fifty genotypes of coffee (Coffea spp) collected from Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria (CRIN) germplasm were assessed using 12 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. The findings revealed that polymorphic information content (PIC) ranged between 0.311 and 0.882 with an average of 0.545. The gene diversity (0.602) was high and the Unweighted Pair Group Method of Analysis using arithmetic averages (UPGMA) dendrogram grouped the genotypes into four major clusters with subclusters. The results revealed high levels of polymorphism indicating genetic diversity and confirm uniqueness among the coffee genotypes.

Risk Assessment of Trigonelline in Coffee and Coffee By-Products

“…As shown in Figure 3, except for two years of negative fluctuation (2019/20 and 2020/21), global consumption has been steadily growing over the last ten years (by 17.6% from 2012/13 to 2021/22) [56][57][58] and is forecasted to further grow [56,59]. Of the approximately 100 species of the genus Coffea, C. arabica and C. canephora Pierre ex A. Froehner are mainly used for coffee production and are therefore the most economically valuable [15,59]. Together, these two species contribute to ca.…”

“…After cultivation, the cherry-like coffee fruits, hence alternatively named coffee cherries, are usually harvested by hand-picking [39,54,61]. Once harvested, the coffee fruits are processed via a dry or wet method [61,62] and converted to green Of the approximately 100 species of the genus Coffea, C. arabica and C. canephora Pierre ex A. Froehner are mainly used for coffee production and are therefore the most economically valuable [15,59]. Together, these two species contribute to ca.…”

“…It is a small, highly hydrophilic (Table 1), and thermolabile phytochemical [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] naturally occurring in numerous plants as a secondary metabolite [9][10][11][12][13]. Particularly high contents up to 34.2 g/kg are found in green coffee beans (family Rubiaceae, genus Coffea) [4,[13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20], with trigonelline thus being the most abundant alkaloid in green coffee beans second to caffeine [17]. Apart from plants, trigonelline has been detected in several animals [10,11,21], and is also present in human plasma, serum, and urine [17,[22][23][24][25][26].…”