Genetic diversity of group A rotaviruses associated with repeated outbreaks of diarrhea in a farrow-to-finish farm: identification of a porcine rotavirus strain bearing a novel VP7 genotype, G26

Abstract

Group A rotaviruses (GARs) are one of the most common causes of diarrhea in suckling pigs. Although a number of G and P genotypes have been identified in porcine GARs, few attempts have been made to study the molecular epidemiology of these viruses associated with diarrhea outbreaks within a farm over an extended period of time. Here, we investigated the molecular characteristics of GARs that caused four outbreaks of diarrhea among suckling pigs in a farrow-to-finish farm over the course of a year. G and P genotyping of GARs detected at each outbreak demonstrated genetic diversity in this farm as follows: G9P[23] was detected at the first outbreak, G9P[13]/[22] and G9P[23] at the second, G3P[7] at the third, and G9P[23], G5P[13]/[22], and P[7] combined with an untypeable G genotype at the fourth. Sequence analysis of the detected GARs revealed that such genetic diversity could have resulted not only from the introduction of new GAR strains, but also from gene reassortment between GAR strains within the farm. Further, the GAR strain carrying the untypeable G genotype was shown to be a novel porcine GAR bearing a new G26 genotype, as confirmed by the Rotavirus Classification Working Group.

Circulation of group A rotaviruses among neonates of human, cow and pig: study from Assam, a north eastern state of India

“…Out of 200 suspected field samples from piglets, calves and children, the overall prevalence of RV was found to be higher in piglets followed by humans and calves. Overall, RVAs were detected more recurrently and is consistent with the earlier reports [10,12,19,21]. Past studies [23] from the valley, solely on pigs also confirmed piglet RV prevalence.…”

“…Rotavirus (RV) infections are the leading cause of neonatal diarrhea and are worldwide in distribution causing high morbidity and mortality in humans, animals and birds [1,4,14,21]. Among all serogroups, rotaviruses belonging to group A are predominant cause of severe gastroenteritis [4,26].…”

“…More recent research [20,21,28] has occurred in the field where genetic variability study provided functional data for a better understanding of virus epidemiology, particularly with respect to evidence of interspecies transmission of rotaviruses which increases the possibility of emerging new strains and unusual genotypic combinations. This type of research also focuses the development and monitoring of effective vaccines.…”

Comparative In Vitro and In Vivo Studies of Porcine Rotavirus G9P[13] and Human Rotavirus Wa G1P[8]

“…Based on the outer capsid VP4 (P genotype)-and VP7 (G genotype)-encoding genes, a binary classification system has been established for RVs (12). Overall, there are at least 26 G genotypes and 33 P genotypes of group A RVs (RVAs) (13,14). Globally, the G1 to G4, P[4], P[6], and P [8] genotypes are the most prevalent human RVAs (15).…”

Analysis of the Excretion Dynamics and Genotypic Characteristics of Rotavirus A during the Lives of Pigs Raised on Farms for Meat Production

“…According to this scheme, 27 G and 35 P genotypes have been described for RVAs of humans and animals (27). To date, 12 G genotypes (G1 to G6, G8 to G12, and G26) and 13 P genotypes (P [1], P [5] to P [8], P [11], P [13], P [19], P [23], P [26], P [27], P [32], and P [34]) have been detected in pigs (5,16,23,25,27,34,37).…”