Genetic diversity of<i>Didelphis virginiana</i>related to different levels of disturbance in the Highlands and the Central Depression regions of Chiapas, Mexico

Cruz-Salazar, Bárbara; Ruiz-Montoya, Lorena; Vázquez‐Domínguez, Ella; Navarrete-Gutiérrez, Darío; Espinoza‐Medinilla, Eduardo E.; Vázquez, Luis-Bernardo

doi:10.1017/s0266467416000080

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The most probable number of clusters was chosen by using the statistics ΔK, which is based on the rate of change in the probability of data between successive K values (Evanno, Regnaut, & Goudet, 2005). Individuals were assigned to a cluster according to the Q-value (≥ 0.7); if an individual showed a Q-value ≤ 0.7, it was classified as unknown (Hennessy et al, 2015;Cruz-Salazar et al, 2016).…”

Section: Study Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

Variation and genetic structure of the endangered Lepus flavigularis (Lagomorpha: Leporidae)

Salazar

Lorenzo

Medinilla

et al. 2017

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Lepus flavigularis, is an endemic and endangered species, with only four populations inhabiting Oaxaca, México: Montecillo Santa Cruz, Aguachil, San Francisco del Mar Viejo and Santa María del Mar. Nevertheless, human activities like poaching and land use changes, and the low genetic diversity detected with mitochondrial DNA and allozymes in previous studies, have supported the urgent need of management strategies for this species, and suggest the definition of management units. For this, it is necessary to study the genetic structure with nuclear genes, due to their inheritance and high polymorphism, therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the variation and genetic structure of L. flavigularis using nuclear microsatellites. We sampled four populations of L. flavigularis and a total of 67 jackrabbits were captured by night sampling during the period of 2001 to 2006. We obtained the genomic DNA by the phenol-chloroform-isoamyl alcohol method. To obtain the diversity and genetic structure, seven microsatellites were amplified using the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR); the amplifications were visualized through electrophoresis with 10 % polyacrylamide gels, dyed with ethidium bromide. Genetic diversity was determined using the software GenAlEx v. 6.4, and genetic structure was obtained with ARLEQUIN v. 3.1; null alleles were evaluated using the program Micro-Checker v.2.2.2. Additionally, a Bayesian analysis was performed with software STRUCTURE v. 2.2.3., and the isolation by distance (IBD) was studied using the program PASSAGE v.2.0.11.6. Our results showed that the genetic variation found was low (HO = 0.30, HE = 0.24) when compared to other jackrabbit species. Fixed alleles and moderate levels of genetic differentiation (FST = 0.18, P = 0.001) were detected among populations, indicating the effect of the genetic drift and limited gene flow. Bayesian clustering analysis revealed two groups: (1) jackrabbits from Montecillo Santa Cruz, and (2) individuals living in Aguachil, San Francisco del Mar Viejo and Santa María del Mar. No evidence was found of isolation by distance. It is possible that the geographic barriers present between populations (e.g. lagoons, human settlements), rather than the geographical distance between them, may explain the observed genetic structure. The inbreeding coefficient was negative (FIS = -0.27, P = 0.03), indicating genetic sub-structure in populations. We suggest two management units based on the genetically closer populations, which will help define precise conservation actions in L. flavigularis. This research is the basis for defining translocation of individuals between populations, nevertheless, a more extensive future study, with specific molecular markers for L. flavigularis, is required. In addition, it is necessary to analyze the barriers that limit the gene flow, since it is urgent to reduce the genetic differentiation between populations and increase the genetic diversity of this species.

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Section: Study Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

Variation and genetic structure of the endangered Lepus flavigularis (Lagomorpha: Leporidae)

Salazar

Lorenzo

Medinilla

et al. 2017

RBT

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“…It is notable that 7 of the top 10 species are bats, with two being previously identified as positive for the presence of dengue, and, interestingly, four of them (Glossophaga soricina, A. jamaicensis, A. lituratus and Sturnira lilium) are identified hosts of Leishmania (L.) mexicana and Trypanosoma cruzi (Villegas-García and Santillán-Alarcó n 2001; Berzunza-Cruz et al 2015;Ló pez-Cancino et al 2015). Within the highest ranked species are all major groups of mammals, with many of them being synanthropic species (Table 1) (Estrada et al 1994;Medellín et al 2000;Ruiz-Piña and Cruz-Reyes 2002;Martínez-Hernández et al 2014;Hennessy et al 2015;Ló pez-Cancino et al 2015;Cruz-Salazar et al 2016). Additionally, the genus Artibeus, Sturnira and Carollia have all been identified as hosts for other pathogens in fragmented landscapes, including coronavirus, pegivirus, hepacivirus, rabies and leptospira Quan et al 2013;Chávez et al 2015).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting the Potential Role of Non-human Hosts in Zika Virus Maintenance

2017

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Arboviruses are often maintained in complex cycles involving vertebrates such as mammals or birds and blood-feeding mosquitoes. However, the role of wildlife hosts in their emergence or re-emergence in human populations has received little attention. The recent emergence of Zika virus in America, and previous occurrences of chikungunya and dengue, forces us to confront a potential new disease-emergence phenomenon. Using a spatial data mining framework to identify potential biotic interactions, based on the degree of co-occurrence between different species, we identified those mammal species with the highest potential for establishing mammal-vector interactions, considering as principal vector Aedes aegypti. Seven of the top ten identified mammal species with highest potential were bats, with two of them having previously been confirmed as positive hosts for dengue in Mexico. We hope that this will raise interest of Mexican public health authorities and academic institutions to assess the role of wild hosts in the maintenance and spread of arboviruses.

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Ecological drivers of Hepacivirus infection in a neotropical rodent inhabiting landscapes with various degrees of human environmental change

et al. 2018

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Anthropogenic environmental change can impact community and population traits such as species diversity and population densities, which have been shown to influence the prevalence of viruses in wildlife reservoirs. In particular, host species resilient to changes in their natural habitat may increase in numbers, which in turn can affect the prevalence of directly transmitted viruses. We have carried out a survey of small mammal communities in three tropical landscapes differing in their degree of environmental change in Central Panama and investigated the effects of community changes on Hepacivirus prevalence. The modification of continuous habitat into partly connected or isolated habitat patches during the past century was linked to changes in species diversity and species assemblages, which was further associated with shifts in the abundance of generalist marsupial (Didelphis marsupialis, Philander opossum) and rodent (Proechimys semispinosus) species. The latter has become dominant in isolated habitat patches and was the only identified Hepacivirus host in our study system. Our analyses suggest that, in addition to the effects of host age and sex, host population density in interaction with sex ratio is a crucial predictor of infection probability. Although we found no significant relationships between species diversity per se and infection probability, the lowest prevalence detected in the landscape with the highest species diversity indicates that shifts in species assemblages (e.g. changes in the presence and abundance of marsupial predators) impact the host's intraspecific contact rates, the probability of virus transmission and, thus, the virus prevalence. Our study additionally provides important data on the influence of human-induced landscape changes on infection probability and, therefore, on virus prevalence in wildlife and emphasizes the importance of a landscape-scale approach with concomitant consideration of the complex interactions between ecological factors.

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Genetic diversity ofDidelphis virginianarelated to different levels of disturbance in the Highlands and the Central Depression regions of Chiapas, Mexico

Cited by 5 publications

References 46 publications

Variation and genetic structure of the endangered Lepus flavigularis (Lagomorpha: Leporidae)

Variation and genetic structure of the endangered Lepus flavigularis (Lagomorpha: Leporidae)

Predicting the Potential Role of Non-human Hosts in Zika Virus Maintenance

Ecological drivers of Hepacivirus infection in a neotropical rodent inhabiting landscapes with various degrees of human environmental change

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