Genetic diversity of nuclear and mitochondrial genomes in Pinus parviflora Sieb. & Zucc. (Pinaceae) populations

Abstract

Genetic diversities of the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes in Pinus parviflora were studied in 16 populations, which were distributed across most of the species' range in Japan. Six mitochondrial DNA haplotypes were identified among the 16 populations. The intrapopulation diversity of allozymes was similar to that of other endemic woody species (H S ¼ 0.259). Although P. parviflora is distributed in discrete populations, differentiation between these was very low (G ST ¼ 0.044). In addition, the extent of genetic differentiation between two varieties (var. pentaphylla and var. parviflora) was extremely low (G VT ¼ 0.001). Intrapopulation diversity of mitochondrial DNA was also very low (H S ¼ 0.098), but population differentiation was high (G ST ¼ 0.863). Moreover, the distribution of haplotypes reflected the taxonomic differences between P. parviflora var. pentaphylla and var. parviflora. The populations of var. pentaphylla and var. parviflora contained different haplotypes. Differing modes of inheritance may account for the differences in nuclear and mitochondrial genetic diversity.

Phylogeographic patterns of highland and lowland plant species in Japan

“…parviflora. Two haplotypes dominated northern Japan and the JS, while other two types dominated western Japan and the PO (Tani et al 2003). These authors also found that the distribution of mitochondrial haplotypes reflected taxonomic differences between the two varieties.…”

“…These authors found four Fig. 2 Examples of the distribution of intra-and inter-population genetic variation in alpine and sub-alpine (left side) and montane (right side) plant species in the Japanese Archipelago, redrawn from the following studies with permission from the Genetics Society of America, Macmillan Publishers Ltd., and Wiley-Blackwell Publishers; Cardamine nipponica (Ikeda et al 2008a), Picea alcoquiana (Aizawa et al 2008), Picea jezoensis (Aizawa et al 2009), Pinus parviflora (Tani et al 2003), Betula maximowicziana (Tsuda and Ide 2005), Cryptomeria japonica (Tsumura et al 2007a), Fraxinus mandshurica var. (Hu et al 2010), and Quercus crispula (Ohsawa et al 2011).…”

“…The diversification of these two major cpDNA clades might have been the result of regional environmental differences in the Japanese Islands (Fujii 2007). Tani et al (2003) also studied the genetic diversity of the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes in Pinus parviflora, which is composed of two varieties: P. parviflora var. pentaphylla and var.…”

“…These authors also found that the distribution of mitochondrial haplotypes reflected taxonomic differences between the two varieties. Tani et al (2003) then suggested that the northernmost population of the southern variant, with a mitochondrial type, may have established in the southern Tohoku region (near to the 38°N line of latitude), and then recolonized the PO from refugia in the western part of Japan after the LGM during the period of global warming. Although these authors did not discuss this in detail, the hypothesis indicates that the main ridge through the middle of Tohoku region (the northeastern part of Honshu) might have restricted the northand east-wards population expansion.…”

“…Alpine and sub-alpine: Parasenecio adenostyloides (Nakagawa 2008), Picea jezoensis (Aizawa et al 2007(Aizawa et al , 2009, Pinus parviflora (Tani et al 2003), and Pinus pumila (Tani et al 1996) Montane: Quercus crispula Chamaecyparis obtusa (Tsumura et al 2007b;Matsumoto et al 2010), Conocephalum conicum (Akiyama and Hiraoka 1994), Cryptomeria japonica (Takahashi et al 2005), and Fagus japonica (Hiraoka and Tomaru 2009a) Lowland: Raphanus sativus var. (Huh and Ohnishi 2001;Ohsako and Ohnishi 2007).…”