Genetic Diversity of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale Isolated from Chickens and Turkeys in the United States

Nisar, Muhammad Imran; Thieme, Susann; Hafez, Hafez M.; Sentíes-Cúe, Gabriel; Chin, Richard P; Muhammad, Sidra Pir; Aboubakr, Hamada A.; Goyal, Sagar M.; Nagaraja, K. V.

doi:10.1637/aviandiseases-d-20-00007

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Fifty-six of the isolates were confirmed as ORT by PCR of the 16S rRNA gene. The results of the genetic diversity of isolates using MLST showed that there was less genetic diversity in California isolates (Nisar et al, 2020). A study by Hasan et al in Egypt examined 180 samples from broiler trachea, lungs and air sacs for ORT.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation, identification, antibiotic resistance profile and molecular analysis of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheal isolates from turkeys

Yusefinejad,

Gharibi,

Khosravi

et al. 2024

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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BackgroundOrnithobacterium rhinotracheal (ORT) infects numerous birds, particularly chickens and turkeys. ORT is an emerging bacterial pathogen of global concern in the poultry industry. As ORT is rapidly spreading throughout commercial poultry, it requires intensive studies of its epidemiology, diagnostic procedures, molecular typing, virulence genes and antimicrobial resistance.ObjectivesThe present study was conducted in isolation and identification of ORT from slaughtered turkeys.MethodsCleft palate swabs of 200 were collected from slaughtered turkeys and cultured on blood agar. ORT was characterized using biochemical tests and PCR targeting the ORT 16S rRNA gene. Virulence genes of isolates were determined targeting adenylate kinase (adk), copA and virulence‐associated protein D (vapD) genes. Additionally, diversity of ORT isolates was performed by enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC) and RAPD PCR. Disk diffusion was used to determine the antibiotic sensitivity of the isolates.ResultsORT was identified in 23 (11.5%) samples using both the biochemical tests and PCR. The result of detecting virulence genes showed that all the isolates (23: 100%) had the adk gene, whereas two (8.7%) isolates had the copA gene, and seven (30.43%) isolates had the vapD gene. Molecular typing of isolates revealed 21 different patterns by RAPD PCR assay using M13 primer and 20 distinct patterns by ERIC PCR test. Both ERIC and RAPD PCR were distinctive methods for investigating the genetic diversity of ORT isolates. The antibiotic resistance test showed that 18 (78.26%) isolates were resistant to gentamicin, amikacin, cefazolin, streptomycin and penicillin. All isolates (100%) were resistant to cloxacillin and fosfomycin.ConclusionsThis study showed the prevalence of ORT in turkey and high resistance of this bacterium to many common veterinary antibiotics. Moreover, both ERIC and RAPD PCR are distinctive methods for investigating the genetic diversity of ORT isolates. These data may help monitor antibiotic resistance and typing of ORT in epidemiological studies and serve as the foundation for designing region‐specific vaccines for future use.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation, identification, antibiotic resistance profile and molecular analysis of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheal isolates from turkeys

Yusefinejad,

Gharibi,

Khosravi

et al. 2024

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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“…This finding is in line with a previous study that concluded that the population structure of 55 ORT isolates was primarily clonal, with repeated recovery of isolates with identical genotypes even when considering large geographical areas and long time periods [ 43 ]. Moreover, recent studies have reported low genetic diversity among ORT isolates [ 20 , 44 ]. This is in clear contrast to our results on PM, which resulted in 13 genetic clusters from only 69 isolates over 9 years compared to the 3 clusters found for ORT.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, PM has been more thoroughly investigated compared to ORT which is reflected by the seven complete avian ORT genomes available in GenBank ® ( , accessed on 7 July 2023) [ 18 ] compared to the 139 complete genomes for PM ( , accessed on 27 July 2023). The use of whole genome sequencing enables further isolate identification and serological characterization of genotypes including steps such as multi-loci sequence typing, virulence factor-encoding genes and whole genome phylogeny to establish evolutionary relationships and clonality among commercial turkey populations [ 2 , 19 , 20 , 21 ]. Having a robust way to capture and analyze data upon the detection of emerging pathogens is of outmost importance to allow for a timely mitigation response for the prevention of disease spread.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Space–Time Patterns of Poultry Pathogens in the USA: A Case Study of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale and Pasteurella multocida in Turkey Populations

Campler,

Hashish,

Ghanem

et al. 2023

Pathogens

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Respiratory infections caused by Ornithobacterium rhinotrachealis (ORT) and Pasteurella multocida (PM) bacteria are significant threats to the poultry industry by causing economic losses and welfare issues. Due to characterization difficulties and underutilization of epidemiological tools, description of the spatio-temporal spread of these diseases in the field is limited. The objectives of this retrospective observational cross-sectional study were to (a) investigate the existence of space–time clusters (hotspots); and (b) investigate the association between genetic similarity and spatial proximity for both pathogens using molecular typing and a recently developed Core-Genome Multilocus Sequencing Typing (cgMLST) scheme. ORT (n = 103) and PM (n = 69) isolates from confirmed disease outbreaks from one commercial company between 2013 and 2021 were obtained from a veterinary diagnostic laboratory, characterized using a cgMLST scheme and visualized using a minimum spanning tree. Spatio-temporal cluster analysis using SaTScanTM and a Spearman’s rank correlation were performed to investigate clustering and any association between allelic diversity and geospatial distance. The cgMLST sequencing revealed three allelic clusters for ORT and thirteen clusters for PM. The spatio-temporal analysis revealed two significant clusters for PM, one with a 259.3 km cluster containing six cases between May and July 2018 and a 9 km cluster containing five cases between February 2019 and February 2021. No spatio-temporal clusters were found for ORT. A weak negative correlation between allelic diversity and geospatial distance was observed for ORT (r = −0.04, p < 0.01) and a weak positive correlation was observed for PM (r = 0.11, p < 0.01). This study revealed regional spatio-temporal clusters for PM in commercial turkey sites between 2018 and 2021 and provided additional insight into bacterial strain subgroups and the geographical spread of ORT and PM over time.

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Complete Genome Sequences of Three Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale Strains from Avian Sources, Using Hybrid Nanopore-Illumina Assembly

Hashish

Johnson

Smith

et al. 2023

Microbiol Resour Announc

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Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale has been associated with respiratory disease in poultry, particularly turkeys, leading to significant economic losses. However, O. rhinotracheale is poorly studied, and a very limited number of complete genomes are available. Here, we report the complete genome sequences of three O. rhinotracheale strains, generated using a Nanopore-Illumina hybrid assembly approach.

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Genetic Diversity of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale Isolated from Chickens and Turkeys in the United States

Cited by 4 publications

References 21 publications

Isolation, identification, antibiotic resistance profile and molecular analysis of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheal isolates from turkeys

Isolation, identification, antibiotic resistance profile and molecular analysis of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheal isolates from turkeys

Space–Time Patterns of Poultry Pathogens in the USA: A Case Study of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale and Pasteurella multocida in Turkey Populations

Complete Genome Sequences of Three Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale Strains from Avian Sources, Using Hybrid Nanopore-Illumina Assembly

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