Genetic diversity of serotype A foot-and-mouth disease viruses in Kenya from 1964 to 2013; implications for control strategies in eastern Africa

Wekesa, Sabenzia Nabalayo; Sangula, Abraham; Belsham, Graham J.; Muwanika, Vincent B.; Heller, Rasmus; Balinda, Sheila N.; Masembe, Charles; Siegismund, Hans R.

doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2013.12.006

Cited by 22 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The use of conventional RT-PCR is confirmatory diagnostic procedure in genotyping of FMDV strains using typespecific primers [28]. These results were consistent with Wekesa et al, [29] who reported that the most outbreaks of FMDV were caused by serotype O followed in frequency by serotype A which is endemic in many developing African and Asian countries. These results were supported by Mohammed et al [30] who detected recent FMDV strains of serotypes, O and SAT-2 in Egypt using primers specific for vp 1 and 3D genes.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Molecular Diagnosis of Foot and Mouth Disease Virus in Cattle with Reference to Hematological and Biochemical Changes

Hashem

El-Mandrawy

Araby

et al. 2018

Zagazig Veterinary Journal

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The present study was carried out to clarify the effect of Foot and Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV) on cattle of different ages with references to studying the hematological parameters, biochemical aspects and cardiac biomarkers after accurate diagnosis of FMDV by reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Forty-five native breed Egyptian female non pregnant cattle (1-5 years old) were divided into two main groups. Group (1): 15 apparently healthy cattle as control group. This group includes animals at age 1-1.5 year (gp.1a), 2-3 years (gp.1b) and 4-5 years (gp.1c). Group (2): 30 infected cattle with the same age category as the control group (gp. 2a, gp. 2b and gp.2c) were collected from different localities in port-Said Governorate, Egypt during 2016-2017 FMD outbreak. Saliva and vesicular fluid from infected cattle were obtained for RT-PCR and blood samples for hematological and biochemical parameters estimation. The infected cattle showed fever, ropy salivation, vesicular eruptions on buccal mucosa and interdigital space. All the identified viruses were FMDV of serotype 'O' which is circulating among cows of different ages in Egypt. Biochemical results revealed a significant decrease in serum total proteins, albumin, globulins and calcium levels, with a significant increase in serum enzyme activities ALP, GGT, AST and serum levels of urea, creatinine, inorganic phosphrous, malonadiadehyde, nitric oxide, Interleukein10 (IL-10), cardiac tropinine I (cTn I) and creatine kinase MB (CK-MB) concentration. It was concluded that FMDV significantly affects the hematological and biochemical parameters of infected cattle, especially young one. The detection of cTnI is a very sensitive method for determining myocardial cell damage in the earlier stages of the disease. Moreover, RT-PCR is diagnostic biomarkers for FMD viral infection.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Molecular Diagnosis of Foot and Mouth Disease Virus in Cattle with Reference to Hematological and Biochemical Changes

Hashem

El-Mandrawy

Araby

et al. 2018

Zagazig Veterinary Journal

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“…The need for repeated vaccination and the lack of sufficient quality vaccine of the appropriate strain composition slows the progression of vaccine‐based FMD control programs. In recent years, the genetic diversity and co‐circulation of multiple FMDV serotypes (O, A, SAT 1, SAT 2) (Ayebazibwe, Mwiine, Tjørnehøj, et al, ; Mwiine et al, ; Namatovu, Belsham, et al, ; Namatovu, Tjørnehøj, et al, ; Wekesa et al, , ) and SAT 3 in Eastern Africa has become evident (Dhikusooka et al, ). This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of FMDV across eastern, central, western and northern regions of Uganda, as well as to identify the serotypes and phylogenetic characteristics of FMDV circulating in this country.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serological and phylogenetic characterization of foot and mouth disease viruses from Uganda during cross‐sectional surveillance study in cattle between 2014 and 2017

Mwiine

Velazquez‐Salinas

Ahmed

et al. 2019

Transbound Emerg Dis

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Here, we report the results of a cross-sectional study designed to monitor the circulation and genetic diversity of foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) in Uganda between 2014 and 2017. In this study, 13,614 sera and 2,068 oral-pharyngeal fluid samples were collected from cattle and analysed to determine FMDV seroprevalence, circulating serotypes and their phylogenetic relationships. Circulation of FMDV was evidenced by the detection of antibodies against non-structural proteins of FMDV or viral isolations in all districts sampled in Uganda. Sequence analysis revealed the presence of FMDV serotypes A, O, SAT 1 and SAT 2. FMDVs belonging to serotype O, isolated from 21 districts, were the most prevalent and were classified into six lineages within two East African topotypes, namely EA-1 and EA-2. Serotype A viruses belonging to the Africa G-I topotype were isolated from two districts. SAT 1 viruses grouped within topotypes I and IV and SAT 2 viruses within topotypes VII, IV and X were isolated from six and four districts respectively. Phylogenetic analysis of SAT 1 and SAT 2 sequences from cattle clustered with historical sequences from African buffalo, indicating possible interspecies transmission at the wildlife-livestock interface. In some cases, Uganda viruses also shared similarities to viral strains recovered from other regions in East Africa. This 3-year study period provides knowledge about the geographical distribution of FMDV serotypes isolated in Uganda and insights into the genetic diversity of the multiple serotypes circulating in the country. Knowledge of circulating FMDV viruses will assist in antigenic matching studies to devise improved FMDV control strategies with vaccination and vaccine strain selection for Uganda. K E Y W O R D Sbuffalo, EA-2, foot and mouth disease, molecular epidemiology, Uganda, vaccine

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“…These sequences are described in depth by Omondi et al (). National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) GenBank blast searches retrieved one additional buffalo sequence from Kenya for each serotype (Wekesa et al, ). Furthermore, using GenBank searches, we retrieved all published SAT1 ( n = 406) and SAT2 ( n = 694) sequences collected from Africa and the Middle East between 1975 and 2015.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…FMDV genomic RNA comprises~8,500 sites and encodes four structural proteins (VP1–4) (Domingo, Baranowski, Escarmis, & Sobrino, ). The VP1 gene segment (of ~639 nucleotides) is the most genetically variable of the four gene segments, with marked mutation rates of up to 10 −2 to 10 −3 substitutions per site per year (Sangula et al, ), and has frequently been used for molecular epidemiological analyses (Brito et al, ; Pedersen et al, ; Sangula et al, ; Wekesa et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogeographical and cross‐species transmission dynamics of SAT1 and SAT2 foot‐and‐mouth disease virus in Eastern Africa

et al. 2019

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Understanding the dynamics of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), an endemic and economically constraining disease, is critical in designing control programmes in Africa. This study investigates the evolutionary epidemiology of SAT1 and SAT2 FMDV in Eastern Africa, as well as between cattle and wild African buffalo. Bayesian phylodynamic models were used to analyse SAT1 and SAT2 VP1 gene segments collected between 1975 and 2016, focusing on the SAT1 and SAT2 viruses currently circulating in Eastern Africa. The root state posterior probabilities inferred from our analyses suggest Zimbabwe as the ancestral location for SAT1 currently circulating in Eastern Africa (p = 0.67). For the SAT2 clade, Kenya is inferred to be the ancestral location for introduction of the virus into other countries in Eastern Africa (p = 0.72).Salient (Bayes factor >10) viral dispersal routes were inferred from Tanzania to Kenya, and from Kenya to Uganda for SAT1 and SAT2, respectively. Results suggest that cattle are the source of the SAT1 and SAT2 clades currently circulating in Eastern Africa.In addition, our results suggest that the majority of SAT1 and SAT2 in livestock come from other livestock rather than wildlife, with limited evidence that buffalo serve as reservoirs for cattle. Insights from the present study highlight the role of cattle movements and anthropogenic activities in shaping the evolutionary history of SAT1 and SAT2 in Eastern Africa. While the results may be affected by inherent limitations of imperfect surveillance, our analysis elucidates the dynamics between host species in this region, which is key to guiding disease intervention activities. K E Y W O R D Sancestral reconstruction, FMD, interspecific transmission, molecular epidemiology, phylodynamics, wildlife-livestock interfaces

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Genetic diversity of serotype A foot-and-mouth disease viruses in Kenya from 1964 to 2013; implications for control strategies in eastern Africa

Cited by 22 publications

References 48 publications

Molecular Diagnosis of Foot and Mouth Disease Virus in Cattle with Reference to Hematological and Biochemical Changes

Molecular Diagnosis of Foot and Mouth Disease Virus in Cattle with Reference to Hematological and Biochemical Changes

Serological and phylogenetic characterization of foot and mouth disease viruses from Uganda during cross‐sectional surveillance study in cattle between 2014 and 2017

Phylogeographical and cross‐species transmission dynamics of SAT1 and SAT2 foot‐and‐mouth disease virus in Eastern Africa

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