Genetic diversity of simian immunodeficiency viruses from West African green monkeys: evidence of multiple genotypes within populations from the same geographical locale

Bibollet-Ruche, Frédéric; Brengues, Cécile; Galat‐Luong, Anh; Galat, Gérard; Pourrut, Xavier; Vidal, Nicole; Veas, Francisco; Durand, Jean Paul; Cuny, G

doi:10.1128/jvi.71.1.307-313.1997

Cited by 21 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Until recently, it was believed that all SIV infections were common and widespread in their hosts, but in a recent study we showed that SIV prevalence can vary significantly from one species to another (Aghokeng et al, 2006). Mustached and greater spot-nosed monkeys were species in which we found a very low SIV prevalence (about 3-4%), approximately ten times lower than prevalence rates observed in African green monkeys, sooty mangabeys, mandrills, and mantled guerezas (Apetrei et al, 2005;Bibollet-Ruche et al, 1997;Courgnaud et al, 2001;Jolly et al, 1996;Santiago et al, 2005;Souquiere et al, 2001;Takehisa et al, 2001). This estimate of low prevalence is reinforced by the work presented here.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

Full-length sequence analysis of SIVmus in wild populations of mustached monkeys (Cercopithecus cephus) from Cameroon provides evidence for two co-circulating SIVmus lineages

Aghokeng

Bailes

Loul³

et al. 2007

Virology

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Mustached monkeys (Cercopithecus cephus), which form a significant component of primate bushmeat in west central Africa, are infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIVmus). We identified and genetically characterized five new SIVmus strains infecting wild living mustached monkeys from Cameroon. Phylogenetic analysis of partial pol sequences revealed that SIVmus strains form two distinct groups within the clade comprised of lentiviruses isolated from Cercopithecus nictitans (SIVgsn), Cercopithecus mona (SIVmon) and C. cephus (SIVmus). Characterisation of three full-length SIVmus genomes confirmed the presence of two distinct lineages infecting mustached monkeys. These two variants of SIVmus, here designated SIVmus-1 and SIVmus-2, were isolated from animals sharing habitats within the same geographic region. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the diversification of SIVmus, SIVgsn and SIVmon involved inter-lineage recombination, and suggested that one of the SIVmus lineages likely resulted from cross-species transmission and recombination involving SIVmus and an as yet uncharacterized SIV. These results indicate that cross-species transmission and recombination play a major role in the evolution of primate lentiviruses among sympatric primate species.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

Full-length sequence analysis of SIVmus in wild populations of mustached monkeys (Cercopithecus cephus) from Cameroon provides evidence for two co-circulating SIVmus lineages

Aghokeng

Bailes

Loul³

et al. 2007

Virology

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“…For many years, it has been recognized that AGMs and sooty mangabey monkeys are chronically infected with SIV in the wild and, while these viruses cause no disease in their natural host, they produce an immunodeficiency syndrome when transmitted to rhesus or pigtailed macaques (3,7,19,32,35,49). It is interesting that the AGM population harbors a CCR5 allele which contains the D13N mutation, which plays an important role in CD4-independent SIV infection (39).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7). These results are potentially interesting since sooty mangabeys and African green monkeys become chronically infected with SIV but do not progress to simian AIDS (3,7,49).…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Dissection of CCR5 Coreceptor Function through the Use of CD4-Independent Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Strains

Edinger

Blanpain

Kunstman

et al. 1999

J Virol

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With rare exceptions, all simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) strains can use CCR5 as a coreceptor along with CD4 for viral infection. In addition, many SIV strains are capable of using CCR5 as a primary receptor to infect CD4-negative cells such as rhesus brain capillary endothelial cells. By using coupled fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) and infection assays, we found that even very low levels of CCR5 expression could support CD4-independent virus infection. CD4-independent viruses represent valuable tools for finely dissecting interactions between Env and CCR5 which may otherwise be masked due to the stabilization of these contacts by Env-CD4 binding. Based on the ability of SIV Env to bind to and mediate infection of cells expressing CCR5 chimeras and mutants, we identified the N terminus of CCR5 as a critical domain for direct Env binding and for supporting CD4-independent virus infection. However, the activity of N-terminal domain CCR5 mutants could be rescued by the presence of CD4, indicating that other regions of CCR5 are important for post-binding events that lead to viral entry. Rhesus CCR5 supported CD4-independent infection and direct Env binding more efficiently than did human CCR5 due to a single amino acid difference in the N terminus. Interestingly, uncleaved, oligomeric SIV Env protein bound to both CD4 and CCR5 less efficiently than did monomeric gp120. Finally, several mutations present in chronically infected monkey populations are shown to decrease the ability of CCR5 to serve as a primary viral receptor for the SIV isolates examined.

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“…There is evidence that AGMs have been infected with SIV agm since ancient times and that SIV agm viruses have become highly diverse (2,7,24,25,28,32). Indeed, AGMs have been classified into four geographically distinct subspeciesvervets (Cercopithecus aethiops pygerythrus), tantalus (Cercopithecus aethiops tantalus), grivets (Cercopithecus aethiops aethiops), and sabaeus (Cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus)-and each subspecies is naturally infected at a very high prevalence by a distinct strain of SIV agm without apparent immunodeficiency (2,7,32,33). Moreover, SIV agm isolates are approximately equally divergent from SIV mac251 and HIV-1 (24,25).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is not known whether coreceptors serve as attachment sites to strengthen virus adhesion or whether their roles are more complex, nor is it known whether CCR5 polymorphisms occur in nonhuman primates such as African green monkeys (AGMs) (Cercopithecus aethiops) that appear to have been infected with immunodeficiency viruses since ancient times (2,7,24,25,28,32). Recent studies of CCR5 chimeras have suggested that multiple extracellular regions contribute to infections by macrophage-tropic isolates of HIV-1 and that no single region is essential (4,8,34,38).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymorphisms in the CCR5 genes of African green monkeys and mice implicate specific amino acids in infections by simian and human immunodeficiency viruses

Kuhmann

Platt

Kozak

et al. 1997

J Virol

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CCR5, a receptor for the CC chemokines RANTES, Mip1␣, and Mip1␤, has been identified as a coreceptor for infections by macrophage-tropic isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). To study its structure and function, we isolated cDNA clones of human, African green monkey (AGM), and NIH/Swiss mouse CCR5s, and we quantitatively analyzed infections by macrophage-tropic HIV-1 and SIV mac251 after transfecting human HeLa-CD4 cells with the CCR5 expression vectors. The AGM and NIH/Swiss mouse CCR5 proteins are 97.7 to 98.3% and 79.8% identical to the human protein, respectively. In addition, we analyzed site-directed mutants and chimeras of these CCR5s. Cell surface expression of CCR5 proteins was monitored by using a specific rabbit antiserum and by binding the chemokine [ 125 I]Mip1␤. Our major results were as follows. (i) Two distinct AGM CCR5 sequences were reproducibly found in DNA from CV-1 cells. The AGM clone 1 CCR5 protein differs from that of clone 2 by two substitutions, Y14N in the amino-terminal extracellular region and L352F at the carboxyl terminus. Interestingly, AGM clone 1 CCR5 was inactive as a coreceptor for all tested macrophage-tropic isolates of HIV-1, whereas AGM clone 2 CCR5 was active. As shown by chimera studies and site-directed mutagenesis, the Y14N substitution in AGM clone 1 CCR5 was solely responsible for blocking HIV-1 infections. In contrast, both AGM CCR5 clones were active coreceptors for SIV mac251. Studies of DNA samples from other AGMs indicated frequent additional CCR5 polymorphisms, and we cloned an AGM clone 2 variant with a Q93R substitution in the extracellular loop 1 from one heterozygote. This variant CCR5 was active as a coreceptor for SIV mac251 but was only weakly active for macrophage-tropic isolates of HIV-1. In addition, SIV mac251 appeared to be dependent on the extracellular amino terminus and loop 2 regions of human CCR5 for maximal infection. Our results suggest major differences in the interactions of SIV mac251 and macrophage-tropic HIV-1 isolates with I9, N13, and Y14 in the amino terminus; with Q93 in extracellular loop 1; and with extracellular loop 2 of human CCR5. (ii) The NIH/Swiss mouse CCR5 protein differs at multiple positions from sequences recently reported for other inbred strains of mice. This CCR5 was inactive as a coreceptor for HIV-1 and SIV mac251. Studies of chimeras that contained different portions of NIH/Swiss mouse CCR5 substituted into human CCR5, as well as the reciprocal chimeras, indicated that the amino-terminal region and extracellular loops 1 and 2 of human CCR5 contribute to its coreceptor activity for macrophage-tropic isolates of HIV-1. Specific differences with previous CCR5 chimera results occurred because the NIH/Swiss mouse CCR5 contains a unique substitution corresponding to P183L in extracellular loop 2 that is nonpermissive for coreceptor activity. We conclude that diverse CCR5 sequences occur in AGMs and mice, that SIV mac251 and macrophage-tropic HIV-1 isolates interact differently with specific CCR5 amino a...

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Genetic diversity of simian immunodeficiency viruses from West African green monkeys: evidence of multiple genotypes within populations from the same geographical locale

Cited by 21 publications

References 61 publications

Full-length sequence analysis of SIVmus in wild populations of mustached monkeys (Cercopithecus cephus) from Cameroon provides evidence for two co-circulating SIVmus lineages

Full-length sequence analysis of SIVmus in wild populations of mustached monkeys (Cercopithecus cephus) from Cameroon provides evidence for two co-circulating SIVmus lineages

Functional Dissection of CCR5 Coreceptor Function through the Use of CD4-Independent Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Strains

Polymorphisms in the CCR5 genes of African green monkeys and mice implicate specific amino acids in infections by simian and human immunodeficiency viruses

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