“…Currently, most published molecular evidence seems to suggest that C. sinensis represents a single species and that genetic variation within the species is relatively low (Park and Yong, 2001;Lee and Huh, 2004;Petney et al, 2013). However, to date, most studies have used a relatively small number of genetic loci for specific identification (e.g., internal transcribed spacers of nuclear ribosomal DNA) and/or population genetic studies (e.g., act, tub, ef-1a, cox1, cox3, nad4 and nad5) (Park and Yong, 2001;Lee and Huh, 2004;Liu et al, 2007;Park, 2007;Katokhin et al, 2008;Lai et al, 2008;Shekhovtsov et al, 2009;Liu et al, 2012;Shin et al, 2013;Sun et al, 2013;Tatonova et al, 2013;Xiao et al, 2013;Chelomina et al, 2014), and it is not yet known whether "cryptic" (= morphologically similar, but genetically distinct) species exist within C. sinensis. Nonetheless, karyotypic differences in C. sinensis observed among China, Korea (2n = 56) and the Russian Far East (2n = 14) (Park and Yong, 2001;Zadesenets et al, 2012) do suggest that this might be the case.…”