Genetic diversity of the pea root pathogen <i>Aphanomyces euteiches</i> in Europe

Kälin, Carol; Berlin, Anna; Brantestam, Agnese Kolodinska; Dubey, Mukesh; Arvidsson, Anna‐Kerstin; Riesinger, Paul; Elfstrand, Malin; Karlsson, Magnus

doi:10.1111/ppa.13598

Cited by 9 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…When assessing emergence rates, natural variation in seed coat morphology must be taken into account, as for example PI180693 has shown to have a harder seed coat in seed germination tests (data not shown). In previous experiments we used pre-germinated pea seedlings that were able to germinate without pathogen pressure ( Kälin et al., 2022 ). In these greenhouse and growth chamber trials we tried to spatially separate the inoculum from the seed, enabling the seeds to also germinate without pathogen pressure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Strain SE58 was previously included in a phenotyping assay and shown to be of intermediate virulence. All three strains were described to belong to the same genetic cluster in previous population genetic analyses and were maintained as described in Kälin et al. (2022) .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Seed surface sterilization was performed following the protocol described in ( Kälin et al., 2022 ) with minor changes. Square plastic pots (0,254 l) were filled with a first layer of vermiculite (Sibelco, Antwerpen, Belgium), on which an agar plate discs (8,5 cm diameter) with A. euteiches mycelium were placed in all pathogen treatments.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, oospores of P. pisi can be morphologically differentiated from A. euteiches oospores under the microscope ( Heyman et al., 2013 ). Differences in virulence among A. euteiches strains are observed in controlled infection experiments ( Quillévéré-Hamard et al., 2018 ; Kälin et al., 2022 ) but prove difficult for the prediction of cultivar performance in the field where soil microbial compositions are complex ( Wille et al., 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of pea genotype PI180693 partial resistance towards aphanomyces root rot in commercial pea breeding

Kälin

Brantestam²,

Arvidsson³

et al. 2023

Front. Plant Sci.

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The cultivation of vining pea (Pisum sativum) faces a major constraint with root rot diseases, caused by a complex of soil-borne pathogens including the oomycetes Aphanomyces euteiches and Phytophtora pisi. Disease resistant commercial varieties are lacking but the landrace PI180693 is used as a source of partial resistance in ongoing pea breeding programs. In this study, the level of resistance and their interaction with A. euteiches virulence levels of six new back-crossed pea breeding lines, deriving from the cross between the susceptible commercial cultivar Linnea and PI180693, were evaluated for their resistance towards aphanomyces root rot in growth chamber and green house tests. Resistance towards mixed infections by A. euteiches and P. pisi and commercial production traits were evaluated in field trials. In growth chamber trials, pathogen virulence levels had a significant effect on plant resistance, as resistance was more consistent against A. euteiches strains exhibiting high or intermediate virulence compared with lowly virulent strains. In fact, line Z1701-1 showed to be significantly more resistant than both parents when inoculated with a lowly virulent strain. In two separate field trials in 2020, all six breeding lines performed equally well as the resistant parent PI180693 at sites only containing A. euteiches, as there were no differences in disease index. In mixed infections, PI180693 exhibited significantly lower disease index scores than Linnea. However, breeding lines displayed higher disease index scores compared with PI180693, indicating higher susceptibility towards P. pisi. Data on seedling emergence from the same field trials suggested that PI180693 was particularly sensitive towards seed decay/damping off disease caused by P. pisi. Furthermore, the breeding lines performed equally well as Linnea in traits important for green pea production, again emphasizing the commercial potential. In summary, we show that the resistance from PI180693 interacts with virulence levels of the pathogen A. euteiches and is less effective towards root rot caused by P. pisi. Our results show the potential use of combining PI180693 partial resistance against aphanomyces root rot with commercially favorable breeding traits in commercial breeding programs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of pea genotype PI180693 partial resistance towards aphanomyces root rot in commercial pea breeding

Kälin

Brantestam²,

Arvidsson³

et al. 2023

Front. Plant Sci.

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“…However, ‘Linnea’ is highly susceptible to ARR. The levels of susceptibility of both pea genotypes to ARR have previously been evaluated in the field, and controlled greenhouse trials [ 16 , 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptomic analysis identifies candidate genes for Aphanomyces root rot disease resistance in pea

Kälin,

Piombo,

Bourras

et al. 2024

BMC Plant Biol

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Background Aphanomyces euteiches is a soil-borne oomycete that causes root rot in pea and other legume species. Symptoms of Aphanomyces root rot (ARR) include root discoloration and wilting, leading to significant yield losses in pea production. Resistance to ARR is known to be polygenic but the roles of single genes in the pea immune response are still poorly understood. This study uses transcriptomics to elucidate the immune response of two pea genotypes varying in their levels of resistance to A. euteiches. Results In this study, we inoculated roots of the pea (P. sativum L.) genotypes ‘Linnea’ (susceptible) and ‘PI180693’ (resistant) with two different A. euteiches strains varying in levels of virulence. The roots were harvested at 6 h post-inoculation (hpi), 20 hpi and 48 hpi, followed by differential gene expression analysis. Our results showed a time- and genotype-dependent immune response towards A. euteiches infection, involving several WRKY and MYB-like transcription factors, along with genes associated with jasmonic acid (JA) and abscisic acid (ABA) signaling. By cross-referencing with genes segregating with partial resistance to ARR, we identified 39 candidate disease resistance genes at the later stage of infection. Among the genes solely upregulated in the resistant genotype ‘PI180693’, Psat7g091800.1 was polymorphic between the pea genotypes and encoded a Leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase reminiscent of the Arabidopsis thaliana FLAGELLIN-SENSITIVE 2 receptor. Conclusions This study provides new insights into the gene expression dynamics controlling the immune response of resistant and susceptible pea genotypes to A. euteiches infection. We present a set of 39 candidate disease resistance genes for ARR in pea, including the putative immune receptor Psat7g091800.1, for future functional validation.

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Ecological redesign of crop ecosystems for reliable crop protection. A review

Bommarco

2024

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

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To attain food security, we must minimize crop losses caused by weed growth, animal herbivores, and pathogens (or “pests”). Today, crop production depends heavily on the use of chemical pesticides (or “pesticides”) to protect the crops. However, pesticides are phased out as they lose efficiency due to pest resistance, and few new pesticides are appearing on the market. In addition, policies and national action programs are implemented with the aim of reducing pesticide risks. We must redesign our cropping systems to successfully protect our crops against pests using fewer or no pesticides. In this review, I focus on the principles for redesigning the crop ecosystem. Ecological redesign aims to enhance ecological functions in order to regulate pest populations and diminish crop losses. Exploring ecology and ecosystems plays an important role in this transition. Guiding principles for redesigning the cropping system can be drawn from understanding its ecology. Ecosystem and community ecologists have identified four principal ecological characteristics that enhance the biotic regulation of ecological processes across ecosystems: (i) advanced ecosystem succession through introducing and conserving perennial crops and landscape habitats; (ii) reduced disturbance frequency and intensity; (iii) an increase in both managed and wild functional biological diversity, above and below ground; and (iv) matched spatial extent of land use (e.g., crop field size) with that of ecological processes (e.g., dispersal capacity of predators). I review the practices that link these ecosystem characteristics to crop protection in grain commodity cropping in both the crop field and the agricultural landscape. The review brings forth how basic understandings drawn from ecosystem and community ecology can guide agricultural research in the redesign of cropping systems, ensuring that technologies, breeding, innovation, and policy are adapted to and support the reshaped crop ecosystem.

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Genetic diversity of the pea root pathogen Aphanomyces euteiches in Europe

Cited by 9 publications

References 33 publications

Evaluation of pea genotype PI180693 partial resistance towards aphanomyces root rot in commercial pea breeding

Evaluation of pea genotype PI180693 partial resistance towards aphanomyces root rot in commercial pea breeding

Transcriptomic analysis identifies candidate genes for Aphanomyces root rot disease resistance in pea

Ecological redesign of crop ecosystems for reliable crop protection. A review

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