Genetic diversity of the tropical tree Terminalia amazonia (Combretaceae) in naturally fragmented populations

Pither, Richard; Shore, Joel S.; Kellman, Martin

doi:10.1038/sj.hdy.6800299

Cited by 46 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…this pattern has been reported also in previous studies using RaPDs in tropical tree species (Cardoso et al, 1998;Pither et al, 2003). High variability in the tropical species of the lauraceae family has been associated with its dioeciousness, protogyny, insect pollination and animal-mediated seed dispersal (gibson & Wheelwright, 1995;moraes & monteiro, 2002), although low RaPD variability was recently reported in an endangered woody non-tropical lauraceae species (ZhongSheng et al, 2005).…”

Section: Distribution Of the Genetic Diversity In Rosewood Populationsmentioning

confidence: 75%

Geographic pattern of genetic diversity in natural populations of Rosewood (Aniba rosaeodora), in the Central Amazonia

et al. 2008

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Rosewood (Aniba rosaeodora Ducke, lauraceae) is an amazonian evergreen tree and a source of the purest linalool, the main component of its essential oil, which is very valuable in the international perfumery market. after decades of over-exploitation it is currently considered as threatened. We evaluated the genetic diversity and its distribution in four populations in Central amazonia. thirty-five reliable RaPD markers were generated, of which 32 were polymorphic (91.4%). variation was higher within the populations (76.5%; p < 0.0001) and geographic distribution contributed to population differentiation (23.4%; p < 0.0001). the amazon River had a small influence on gene flow (3.3%; p < 0.0001), but we identified evidence of gene flow across the river. there were significant differences in marker frequencies (p < 0.05), in agreement with the low gene flow (Nm = 2.02). the correlation between genetic distance and gene flow was -0.95 (p = 0.06) and between geographic distance and gene flow was -0.78 (p = 0.12). there was a geographic cline of variability across an east-West axis, influenced as well by the amazon River, suggesting the river could be a barrier to gene flow. although threatened, these Rosewood populations retain high diversity, with the highest levels in the manaus population, which has been protected for over 42 years in a Reserve.Keywords: RaPD, linalool, gene flow, amazon Rainforest.Padrão geográfico de diversidade genética em populações naturais de Pau-rosa (Aniba rosaeodora), na Amazônia Central resumo o Pau-rosa (Aniba rosaeodora Ducke, lauraceae) é uma árvore amazônica fonte do mais puro linalol, o qual é o principal componente do seu óleo essencial e muito valioso no mercado internacional de perfumaria. após várias décadas de intensa exploração, a espécie foi levada à categoria de ameaçada de extinção. Quatro populações naturais distribuídas na bacia amazônia Central foram avaliadas quanto ao nível e a distribuição da diversidade genética. trinta e cinco marcadores RaPD reprodutíveis foram gerados, dos quais 32 foram polimórficos (91,4%). a diversidade foi maior dentro das populações (76,5%; p < 0,0001) e a distribuição geográfica contribuiu para a diferenciação entre as populações (23,4%; p < 0,0001). a amova indicou que pode haver uma influência parcial do Rio amazonas no fluxo gênico (3,3%; p < 0,0001), mas foram identificadas evidências de fluxo gênico atravessando o rio. Houve diferenças significativas nas freqüências dos marcadores (p < 0,05) e o fluxo gênico estimado foi relativamente baixo (Nm = 2,02). a correlação entre a distância genética e o fluxo gênico foi de -0,95 (p = 0,06) e para a distância geográfica e o fluxo gênico foi de -0,78 (p = 0,12). Houve um padrão geográfico de variabilidade ao longo do eixo leste -oeste, influenciado também pelo Rio amazonas, o que sugere que o rio poderia funcionar como uma barreira para o fluxo gênico. apesar de ameaçadas, estas populações de Pau-rosa possuem alta diversidade, com o maior valor na população de manaus, que vem sendo prot...

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Section: Distribution Of the Genetic Diversity In Rosewood Populationsmentioning

confidence: 75%

Geographic pattern of genetic diversity in natural populations of Rosewood (Aniba rosaeodora), in the Central Amazonia

et al. 2008

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“…When phenological information on forest types is lacking , biased selection of seeds may limit genetic variability and increase the homogeneity of the regenerated stands [71]. Several studies have shown that shifting seeds from old-growth forests to disturbed landscapes can improve genetic variability in degraded landscapes [e.g., [73][74][75][76]. However, the germination and establishment of native tree seeds may be generally poor, perhaps due to the sudden shift in microclimatic and soil conditions [72].…”

Section: Direct Seedingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of Logging in Solomon Islands: The Need for Restoration and Conservation Alternatives

Katovai

Edwards

Laurance

2015

Tropical Conservation Science

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Forests of Asia-Pacific islands have undergone degradation by some of the worst-known selective logging practices in the tropics. It is unclear whether severely damaged forests can return to a pre-logging state via natural regeneration, or whether active restoration is required. In this review, we highlight how the socioeconomic dynamics in the Solomon Islands promote excessive logging, resulting in highly degraded forests. We detail seven key elements currently promoting excessive logging in this region: (i) economic interests, (ii) corruption, (iii) poor employment conditions in the logging sector, (iv) high forest accessibility, (v) resource limitations for forest monitoring, (vi) contention over logging benefits, and (vii) a paucity of information for policy development. Though research on the regeneration capacity of logged forests in the Solomon Islands remains extremely limited, we suggest that some logged forests in the country may require active restoration-especially those that have been most heavily damaged. Our argument is based on previous tree planting initiatives in logged forest in the 1970s and 1980s. We propose three broad restoration techniques-enrichment planting, direct seeding, and the use of artificial perches-as viable options to help restore logged forests in the Solomon Islands. Lastly, we recommend the conservation-concession model to aid forest restoration, given its recent success in the region.

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“…De Carvalho et al (2008) using RAPD markers reported high genetic variability in a population of Luehea divaricata Mart. found in a declivity area, while Pither et al (2003) found I values varying from 0.320 to 0.380 for Terminalia amazônia (J. Gmell) Exell. In Swietenia macrophylla King, Gillies et al (1999) found an I of 0.350, and Aide and Rivera (1998) found a value of 0.590 for Poulsenia armata (Miq.)…”

Section: Genetic Variability Of Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic differentiation in Aspidosperma polyneuron (Apocynaceae) over a short geographic distance as assessed by AFLP markers

Jo¹,

Ea²,

La³

et al. 2011

Genet. Mol. Res.

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ABSTRACT. Studies on intraspecific variation can contribute to the development of conservation strategies by identifying units of conservation for threatened species. Aspidosperma polyneuron is a tropical tree of seasonal semideciduous forests that is currently endangered and protected because it has been heavily logged for lumber, although it was once common in Brazil and neighboring countries. We investigated genetic structure in two samples of A. polyneuron collected from steep hillsides and from flat areas of a natural forest fragment in northern Paraná State, Brazil. Seven AFLP primer combinations yielded 200 markers, with a polymorphic rate of 88.5% for samples from the flat area and 99% for samples from the high declivity area. Total genetic diversity (H T ) was 0.387, while the genetic diversity Genetic differentiation in Aspidosperma polyneuron within the populations (H S ) was 0.307 and 0.372, for samples from the flat and the high declivity areas, respectively. Genetic differentiation between samples was high, with a mean F ST of 0.265 and a genetic distance of 0.148, indicative of a high degree of genetic structure over a short distance. Principal coordinate analysis separated the samples into three groups of individuals; the first group included individuals from the high declivity area, the second group consisted of individuals only from the flat area, and the third group had individuals from both areas. Bayesian analysis also showed K = 3 clusters. The unexpected high level of intraspecific variation of A. polyneuron in this small forest fragment should be taken into account when evaluating the genetic impact of forest degradation on this species in other semideciduous forest fragments.

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Genetic diversity of the tropical tree Terminalia amazonia (Combretaceae) in naturally fragmented populations

Cited by 46 publications

References 29 publications

Geographic pattern of genetic diversity in natural populations of Rosewood (Aniba rosaeodora), in the Central Amazonia

Geographic pattern of genetic diversity in natural populations of Rosewood (Aniba rosaeodora), in the Central Amazonia

Dynamics of Logging in Solomon Islands: The Need for Restoration and Conservation Alternatives

Genetic differentiation in Aspidosperma polyneuron (Apocynaceae) over a short geographic distance as assessed by AFLP markers

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