Genetic Diversity of Tibetan Horse and its Relationships with Mongolian Horse and Ningqiang Pony Assessed by Microsatellite Polymorphism

Du, Dan; Zhao, Chunjiang; Zhang, Hao; Guocai, Han

doi:10.3923/ajava.2011.564.571

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The Naqu horse is a small indigenous breed of China, it includes Tibetan-type horses with strong adaptation to the harsh environment of the Tibet region and areas adjacent to the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau [ 45 ]. The genetic kinship between the Tibetan and the Mongolian horse breeds has also been proven in a study based on the analysis of microsatellite markers [ 46 ]. The Giara horse is one of the 15 extant native Italian breeds and is geographically isolated on the island of Sardinia [ 47 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Naqu horse is a small indigenous breed of China, it includes Tibetan-type horses with strong adaptation to the harsh environment of the Tibet region and areas adjacent to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau [45]. The genetic kinship between the Tibetan and the Mongolian horse breeds has also been proven in a study based on the analysis of microsatellite markers [46]. The Giara horse is Given that the clades with ancient horses Er-1 and Gan-11 are not well supported, we would like to consider their sister clade, which includes the modern Mongolian horse, a hybrid of Przewalski's horse, a modern horse, and a horse of an unspecified Iranian breed.…”

Section: Phylogeographic Relationshipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Traces of Late Bronze and Early Iron Age Mongolian Horse Mitochondrial Lineages in Modern Populations

Kusliy

Vorobieva

Tishkin

et al. 2021

Genes

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The Mongolian horse is one of the most ancient and relatively unmanaged horse breeds. The population history of the Mongolian horse remains poorly understood due to a lack of information on ancient and modern DNA. Here, we report nearly complete mitochondrial genome data obtained from five ancient Mongolian horse samples of the Khereksur and Deer Stone culture (late 2nd to 1st third of the 1st millennium BC) and one ancient horse specimen from the Xiongnu culture (1st century BC to 1st century AD) using target enrichment and high-throughput sequencing methods. Phylogenetic analysis involving ancient, historical, and modern mitogenomes of horses from Mongolia and other regions showed the presence of three mitochondrial haplogroups in the ancient Mongolian horse populations studied here and similar haplotype composition of ancient and modern horse populations of Mongolia. Our results revealed genetic continuity between the Mongolian horse populations of the Khereksur and Deer Stone culture and those of the Xiongnu culture owing to the presence of related mitotypes. Besides, we report close phylogenetic relationships between haplotypes of the Khereksur and Deer Stone horses and the horses of indigenous breeds of the Middle East (Caspian and Iranian), China (Naqu, Yunnan, and Jinjiang), and Italy (Giara) as well as genetic similarity between the Xiongnu Mongolian horses and those of the most ancient breeds of the Middle East (Arabian) and Central Asia (Akhal-Teke). Despite all the migrations of the Mongolian peoples over the past 3000 years, mitochondrial haplogroup composition of Mongolian horse populations remains almost unchanged.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Naqu horse is a small indigenous breed of China, it includes Tibetan-type horses with strong adaptation to the harsh environment of the Tibet region and areas adjacent to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau [45]. The genetic kinship between the Tibetan and the Mongolian horse breeds has also been proven in a study based on the analysis of microsatellite markers [46]. The Giara horse is Given that the clades with ancient horses Er-1 and Gan-11 are not well supported, we would like to consider their sister clade, which includes the modern Mongolian horse, a hybrid of Przewalski's horse, a modern horse, and a horse of an unspecified Iranian breed.…”

Section: Phylogeographic Relationshipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Traces of Late Bronze and Early Iron Age Mongolian Horse Mitochondrial Lineages in Modern Populations

Kusliy

Vorobieva

Tishkin

et al. 2021

Genes

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Advances in the Research and Application of Artificial Insemination to Equids in China: 1935–2012

Liang¹,

Hong-yun²,

Zhang³

et al. 2014

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science

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Haplotype diversity in mitochondrial DNA reveals the multiple origins of Tibetan horse

et al. 2018

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The Tibetan horse is a species endemic to the Tibetan plateau, with considerable economic value in the region. However, we currently have little genetic evidence to verify whether the breed originated in Tibet or if it entered the area via an ancient migratory route. In the present study, we analyzed the hypervariable segment I sequences of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in 2,050 horses, including 290 individuals from five Tibetan populations and 1,760 from other areas across Asia. Network analysis revealed multiple maternal lineages in the Tibetan horse. Component analysis of sub-lineage F3 indicated that it decreased in frequency from east to west, a trend reflected both southward and northward from Inner Mongolia. Analysis of population genetics showed that the Deqen horse of eastern Tibet was more closely related to the Ningqiang horse of northern China than to other Tibetan horses or the Yunnan horse. These results indicated that the Tibetan horse migrated first from Central Asia to Mongolia, moved south to eastern Tibet (near Deqen), then finally westward to other regions of Tibet. We also identified a novel lineage K that mainly comprises Tibetan and Yunnan horses, suggesting autochthonous domesticated origin for some Tibetan horse breeds from local wild horses. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that modern Tibetan horse breeds originated from the introgression of local wild horses with exotic domesticated populations outside China.

show abstract

Genetic Diversity of Tibetan Horse and its Relationships with Mongolian Horse and Ningqiang Pony Assessed by Microsatellite Polymorphism

Cited by 5 publications

References 5 publications

Traces of Late Bronze and Early Iron Age Mongolian Horse Mitochondrial Lineages in Modern Populations

Traces of Late Bronze and Early Iron Age Mongolian Horse Mitochondrial Lineages in Modern Populations

Advances in the Research and Application of Artificial Insemination to Equids in China: 1935–2012

Haplotype diversity in mitochondrial DNA reveals the multiple origins of Tibetan horse

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