Genetic diversity of trypanosomes pathogenic to livestock in tsetse flies from the Nech Sar National Park in Ethiopia: A concern for tsetse suppressed area in Southern Rift Valley?

Rodrigues, Carla Monadeli Filgueira; García, Herakles A.; Sheferaw, Desie; Rodrigues, Ana Carolina; Pereira, Carlos Lopes; Camargo, Erney P.; Teixeira, Marta Maria Geraldes

doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2019.01.010

Cited by 17 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…A total of 3,085 (81.42%) G. pallidipes and 704 (18.58%) other biting flies were caught during the study period. The overall apparent densities of G. pallidipes and biting flies in the study area were 12.85 F/T/D (fly/trap/day) and 2.93 F/T/D, respectively, which were lower when compared with previous reports by Teka et al (20) and Rodrigues et al (19) with an overall apparent densities of G. pallidipes of 29.624 F/T/D and 47.8 F/T/D, respectively, in the study area. However, the reports done in Refs.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 77%

“…Out of the 342 dissected G. pallidipes , 63 flies were infected by trypanosome resulting in an overall infection rate of 18.42% in the study area. In comparison with this finding, the report of Rodrigues et al ( 19 ) showed a higher trypanosome infection rate (38%) in G. pallidipes inside Nech Sar national park of Arba Minch Zuria. Also, lower infection rates were reported by comparable studies in the Mtito Andei Division in Kenya and the Mouhoun River in Burkina Faso, which show the overall trypanosome rates of 10 and 11.53%, respectively ( 55 , 56 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

“…Arba Minch Zuria district of southern Ethiopia is one of the well-known tsetse belt areas of East Africa. The district was highly infested with Glossina pallidipes and biting flies like Tabanus and Stomoxys ( 18 , 19 ). In turn, bovine trypanosomosis is one of the most important livestock diseases in the district, which poses a serious threat to the lives and livelihood of entire communities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seasonal Patterns: Bovine Trypanosomosis, Glossina pallidipes Density, and Infection in Rift Valleys of Gamo Zone, Southern Ethiopia

Seyoum

Tora

Kore³

et al. 2022

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Bovine trypanosomosis is a parasitic disease causing serious economic losses in livestock productivity and agricultural development. The disease has been reported in different parts of Ethiopia. However, seasonal pattern of trypanosomosis, tsetse fly apparent density, and infection are very limited in the southern rift valley of the country, particularly in Gamo Zone. Therefore, the objective of this cross-sectional study design was to estimate seasonal prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis, assessing tsetse fly apparent density and its infection by trypanosomes. For the parasitological study, a total of 600 cattle (300 in each season) were sampled and assayed using the buffy coat technique. A total of 80 standard NGU traps were deployed around the watering and grazing areas for the entomological survey. An overall prevalence of trypanosomosis was 10.17% (61/600), of which 7.33% (22/300) and 13% (39/300) accounted for the dry and wet seasons, respectively. The prevalence of trypanosomosis was significantly higher during the wet season (OR = 2.47; p < 0.05), in black coat color (OR = 7.2, p < 0.05), and poor body-conditioned (OR = 3.15; p < 0.05) animals. Two species of trypanosomes, Trypanosoma congolense, 68.85% (42/61), and Trypanosoma vivax, 31.15% (19/61), were circulating in the area. The mean PCV value in infected animals (22.56 ± 4.61) was significantly lower than in non-infected animals (25.3 ± 4.75). Entomological result indicated that Glossina pallidipes (G. pallidipes) was the only species of tsetse found in the study area. Totally, 3,789 flies were caught of which 81.42% (3,085/3,789) belong to G. pallidipes and 18.58% (704/3,789) were other biting flies. The overall apparent density of G. pallidipes was 12.85 flies/trap/day (FTD). Relatively higher G. pallidipes/trap/day were caught in the wet season (13.64 F/T/D) than in the dry season (12.07F/T/D). Of the flies caught, 342 G. pallidipes were randomly selected and dissected. The overall proportion of G. pallidipes infection was 18.42% (63/342) of which 12.28% (21/171) and 24.56% (42/171) were accounted in the dry and wet seasons, respectively. Infection in G. pallidipes was significantly higher during the wet season (OR = 2.32; p < 0.05) and in park grazing areas (OR = 2.45; p < 0.05). In conclusion, trypanosomosis is the major challenge for cattle productivity in the district. So this study warrants the need for strengthening the vector and parasite control interventions in the area.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 77%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seasonal Patterns: Bovine Trypanosomosis, Glossina pallidipes Density, and Infection in Rift Valleys of Gamo Zone, Southern Ethiopia

Seyoum

Tora

Kore³

et al. 2022

Front. Vet. Sci.

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“…Animal African trypanosomiasis caused by T. congolense and T. vivax is still one of the most serious livestock illnesses in sub-Saharan Africa, affecting millions of cattle every year ( Alsan, 2015 ; Morrison et al, 2016 ; Rodrigues et al, 2019 ; Ngari et al, 2020 ), our data showed that high trypanosomes prevalence (14%) and infected cattle were considerably anemic, an indication of trypanosomosis severity ( Mamoudou et al, 2016 ), compared to trypanosome-negative cattle, necessitating improved vector control tools, diagnostics, and therapeutics to improve the health and productivity of livestock. Here using epidemiologically important pathogens in relevant livestock host, we demonstrate the potentiality of biomarkers as a model mechanism for animal trypanosomosis diagnostics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolites From Trypanosome-Infected Cattle as Sensitive Biomarkers for Animal Trypanosomosis

Getahun

Ngiela²,

Makwatta³

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

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Trypanosomes are important global livestock and human pathogens of public health importance. Elucidating the chemical mechanisms of trypanosome-relevant host interactions can enhance the design and development of a novel, next-generation trypanosomosis diagnostics. However, it is unknown how trypanosome infection affects livestock volatile odors. Here, we show that Trypanosoma congolense and Trypanosoma vivax infections induced dihydro-β- ionone and junenol, while abundance of dihydro-α-ionone, phenolics, p-cresol, and 3-propylphenol significantly elevated in cow urine. These biomarkers of trypanosome infection are conserved in cow breath and the urine metabolites of naturally infected cows, regardless of population, diet, or environment differences. Furthermore, treating trypanosome-infected cows reduced the levels of these indicators back to the pre-infection levels. Finally, we demonstrated that the potential of some specific biomarkers of phenolic origin may be used to detect active trypanosome infections, including low-level infections that are not detectable by microscopy. The sensitivity and specificity of biomarkers detection are suited for rapid, robust, and non-invasive trypanosomosis diagnosis under field conditions.

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“…As we collected tsetse flies while moving by vehicle between villages, we believe that a large number of tsetse flies that sucked the blood of humans were collected. Because many previous studies reported human as a major blood-meal source of tsetse flies, the possibility of contamination during collection was low [ 7 , 24 , 34 ]. The possibility of degradation of the nucleic acid over a long storage period cannot be ruled out, which might reduce the diversity of animal blood-meal sources of tsetse flies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasites and blood-meal hosts of the tsetse fly in Tanzania: a metagenomics study

et al. 2022

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Background Tsetse flies can transmit various Trypanosoma spp. that cause trypanosomiasis in humans, wild animals, and domestic animals. Amplicon deep sequencing of the 12S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene can be used to detect mammalian tsetse hosts, and the 18S rRNA gene can be used to detect all associated eukaryotic pathogens, including Trypanosoma spp. Methods Tsetse flies were collected from the Serengeti National Park (n = 48), Maswa Game Reserve (n = 42), and Tarangire National Park (n = 49) in Tanzania in 2012–13. Amplicon deep sequencing targeting mammal-specific 12S rRNA and 18S rRNA genes was performed to screen the blood-feeding sources of tsetse flies and eukaryotic parasites in tsetse flies, respectively. Results 12S rRNA gene deep sequencing revealed that various mammals were blood-feeding sources of the tsetse flies, including humans, common warthogs, African buffalos, mice, giraffes, African elephants, waterbucks, and lions. Genes of humans were less frequently detected in Serengeti (P = 0.0024), whereas African buffaloes were detected more frequently as a blood-feeding source (P = 0.0010). 18S rRNA gene deep sequencing showed that six tsetse samples harbored the Trypanosoma gene, which was identified as Trypanosoma godfreyi and Trypanosoma simiae in subsequent ITS1 gene sequencing. Conclusions Through amplicon deep sequencing targeting the 12S rRNA and 18S rRNA genes, various mammalian animals were identified as blood-meal sources, and two Trypanosoma species were detected in tsetse flies collected from the Maswa Game Reserve, Serengeti National Park, and Tarangire National Park in Tanzania. This study illustrates the patterns of parasitism of tsetse fly, wild animals targeted by the fly, and Trypanosoma spp. carried by the fly in Tanzania. It may provide essential data for formulating better strategies to control African trypanosomes. Graphical Abstract

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Genetic diversity of trypanosomes pathogenic to livestock in tsetse flies from the Nech Sar National Park in Ethiopia: A concern for tsetse suppressed area in Southern Rift Valley?

Cited by 17 publications

References 60 publications

Seasonal Patterns: Bovine Trypanosomosis, Glossina pallidipes Density, and Infection in Rift Valleys of Gamo Zone, Southern Ethiopia

Seasonal Patterns: Bovine Trypanosomosis, Glossina pallidipes Density, and Infection in Rift Valleys of Gamo Zone, Southern Ethiopia

Metabolites From Trypanosome-Infected Cattle as Sensitive Biomarkers for Animal Trypanosomosis

Parasites and blood-meal hosts of the tsetse fly in Tanzania: a metagenomics study

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