“…However, it has been used effectively to characterize plants until today. Besides, molecular markers have been used to determine genetic diversity in walnuts, such as Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) (Nicese et al, 1998;;Sutyemez, 2006;Fatahi et al, 2010;Ahmed et al, 2012), Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) (Fjellstrom et al, 1994;Potter et al, 2002;Kafkas et al, 2005), Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) (Potter et al, 2002;Pollegioni et al, 2003;Christopoulos et al, 2010;Li et al, 2011;Sutyemez et al, 2021), Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) (Bayazit et al, 2007;Wang et al, 2011;Xu et al, 2012), Simple Sequence Repeats or microsatellites (SSR) (Dangl et al, 2005;Foroni et al, 2005;Victory et al, 2006;Wang et al, 2008;Chen et al, 2014;Vahdati et al, 2015;Bernard et al, 2018;Shah et al, 2020), and Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) (Bukucu et al, 2020a;Orman et al, 2020;Wang et al, 2020). With these techniques, walnut breeding studies have gained significant momentum.…”